05. Bhikkhunīsaṃyuttaṃ – Tương Ưng Tỷ Kheo Ni – Connected Discourses with Bhikkhunīs

Friday June 28, 2024

Saṃyutta Nikāya (SN) - Tương Ưng Bộ Kinh - The Connected Discourses of the Buddha

[1] Sagāthāvaggapāḷi  - Thiên có kệ - The Book with Verses

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[05] Bhikkhunī Saṃyutta
Tương Ưng Tỷ Kheo Ni
Connected Discourses with Bhikkhunīs [128] <281>

 

♦ 1. Āḷavikāsuttaṃ (SN 5.1) – I. Āḷavikā (S. i. 128) – 5.1. Āḷavikā

♦ 162. evaṃ me sutaṃ — ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.

1) Như vầy tôi nghe.

Một thời Thế Tôn ở Sāvatthī, Jetavana, tại vườn ông Anāthapiṇḍika.

1. Thus have I heard. On one occasion the Blessed One was dwelling at Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Park.
atha kho āḷavikā bhikkhunī pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantā yena andhavanaṃ tenupasaṅkami vivekatthinī. 2) Tỷ-kheo-ni Āḷavikā, vào buổi sáng đắp y, cầm y bát, đi vào Sāvatthī để khất thực. Khất thực ở Sāvatthī xong, sau buổi ăn, trên con đường khất thực trở về, Tỷ-kheo-ni đi đến rừng Andha để tìm sự yên tĩnh viễn ly. 2. Then, in the morning, the bhikkhuni Āḷavikā dressed and, taking bowl and robe, entered Sāvatthī for alms. (331) When she had walked for alms in Sāvatthī and had returned from her alms round, after her meal she went to the Blind Men’s Grove seeking seclusion. (332)

atha kho māro pāpimā āḷavikāya bhikkhuniyā bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo vivekamhā cāvetukāmo yena āḷavikā bhikkhunī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āḷavikaṃ bhikkhuniṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi —

♦ “natthi nissaraṇaṃ loke, kiṃ vivekena kāhasi.

♦ bhuñjassu kāmaratiyo, māhu pacchānutāpinī”ti.

3) Ác ma muốn làm Tỷ-kheo-ni Āḷavikā run sợ, hoảng sợ, lông tóc dựng ngược, muốn nàng từ bỏ yên tĩnh viễn ly, nên đi đến Tỷ-kheo-ni Āḷavikā và nói lên bài kệ:

Ðời không có xuất ly,
Sống viễn ly làm gì?
Hãy trọn hưởng dục lạc,
Chớ hối hận về sau.

3. Then Māra the Evil One, desiring to arouse fear, trepidation, and terror in the bhikkhuni Āḷavikā, desiring to make her fall away from seclusion, approached her and addressed her in verse:

519) “There is no escape in the world,
So what will you do with seclusion?
Enjoy the delights of sensual pleasure:
Don’t be remorseful later!”

♦ atha kho āḷavikāya bhikkhuniyā etadahosi — “ko nu khvāyaṃ manusso vā amanusso vā gāthaṃ bhāsatī”ti? 4) Tỷ-kheo-ni Āḷavikā suy nghĩ: "Ai đã nói lên bài kệ này? Người hay không phải người?" 4. Then it occurred to the bhikkhuni Āḷavikā: “Now who is it that recited the verse—a human being or a nonhuman being?” Then <282> it occurred to her: “This is Māra the Evil One, who has recited the verse desiring to arouse fear, trepidation, and terror in me, desiring to make me fall away from seclusion.”

atha kho āḷavikāya bhikkhuniyā etadahosi — “māro kho ayaṃ pāpimā mama bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo vivekamhā cāvetukāmo gāthaṃ bhāsatī”ti. atha kho āḷavikā bhikkhunī “māro ayaṃ pāpimā” iti viditvā māraṃ pāpimantaṃ gāthāhi paccabhāsi —

♦ “atthi nissaraṇaṃ loke, paññāya me suphussitaṃ {suphassitaṃ (sī. pī.)}.

♦ pamattabandhu pāpima, na tvaṃ jānāsi taṃ padaṃ.

♦ “sattisūlūpamā kāmā, khandhāsaṃ adhikuṭṭanā.

♦ yaṃ tvaṃ kāmaratiṃ brūsi, arati mayha sā ahū”ti.

5) Tỷ-kheo-ni Āḷavikā suy nghĩ: "Chính Ác ma muốn làm ta run sợ, hoảng sợ, lông tóc dựng ngược, muốn làm ta từ bỏ yên tĩnh viễn ly nên đã nói lên bài kệ đó".

6) Tỷ-kheo-ni Āḷavikā biết được: "Ðấy là Ác ma", liền nói lên bài kệ:

Ở đời có xuất ly, (1)
Nhờ trí tuệ, (2) ta chứng.
Này Bà con phóng dật, (3)
Biết sao được pháp ấy? (4)
Ái dục như kiếm thương,
Ðài chém đầu các uẩn.
Ðiều Ông gọi dục lạc,
Ta gọi là bất lạc.

5-. Then the bhikkhuni Āḷavikāa, having understood, “This is Māra the Evil One,” replied to him in verses:

520) “There is an escape in the world
Which I have closely touched with wisdom.
O Evil One, kinsman of the negligent,
You do not know that state. (333)

521) “Sensual pleasures are like swords and stakes;
The aggregates like their chopping block.
What you call sensual delight
Has become for me nondelight.”(334) [129]

♦ atha kho māro pāpimā “jānāti maṃ āḷavikā bhikkhunī”ti dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyīti. 7) Ác ma biết được: "Tỷ-kheo-ni Āḷavikā đã biết ta", nên buồn khổ, thất vọng, liền biến mất tại chỗ ấy. 7. Then Māra the Evil One, realizing, “The bhikkhuni Āḷavikā knows me,” sad and disappointed, disappeared right there. <283>

 

♦ 2. Somāsuttaṃ (SN 5.2) – II. Somā (S. i. 129) – 5.2. Somā

♦ 163. sāvatthinidānaṃ. atha kho somā bhikkhunī pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi.

1) Nhân duyên ở Sāvatthī.

Rồi Tỷ-kheo-ni Somā vào buổi sáng đắp y, cầm y bát, đi vào Sāvatthī để khất thực.

1. At Sāvatthī. Then, in the morning, the bhikkhuni Somā dressed and, taking bowl and robe, entered Sāvatthī for alms. (335)
sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantā yena andhavanaṃ tenupasaṅkami divāvihārāya. andhavanaṃ ajjhogāhetvā aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi. 2) Khất thực ở Sāvatthī xong, sau bữa ăn, trên con đường khất thực trở về, Tỷ-kheo-ni đi đến rừng Andha để nghỉ ban ngày. Sau khi đi sâu vào rừng, nàng ngồi dưới một gốc cây để nghỉ ban ngày. 2. When she had walked for alms in Sāvatthī and had returned from her alms round, after her meal she went to the Blind Men’s Grove for the day’s abiding. Having plunged into the Blind Men’s Grove, she sat down at the foot of a tree for the day’s abiding.

atha kho māro pāpimā somāya bhikkhuniyā bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo samādhimhā cāvetukāmo yena somā bhikkhunī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā somaṃ bhikkhuniṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi —

♦ “yaṃ taṃ isīhi pattabbaṃ, ṭhānaṃ durabhisambhavaṃ.

♦ na taṃ dvaṅgulapaññāya, sakkā pappotumitthiyā”ti.

3) Ác ma muốn làm Tỷ-kheo-ni Somā run sợ, hoảng sợ, lông tóc dựng ngược, muốn nàng từ bỏ Thiền định, liền đi đến Tỷ-kheo-ni Somā; sau khi đến, nói lên bài kệ với Tỷ-kheo-ni Somā:

Ðịa vị (5) khó chứng đạt,
Chỉ Thánh nhân chứng đạt,
Trí nữ nhân hai ngón,
Sao hy vọng chứng đạt?

3. Then Māra the Evil One, desiring to arouse fear, trepidation, and terror in the bhikkhuni Somā, desiring to make her fall away from concentration, approached her and addressed her in verse:

522) “That state so hard to achieve
Which is to be attained by the seers,
Can’t be attained by a woman
With her two-fingered wisdom.” (336)

♦ atha kho somāya bhikkhuniyā etadahosi — “ko nu khvāyaṃ manusso vā amanusso vā gāthaṃ bhāsatī”ti? 4) Tỷ-kheo-ni Somā suy nghĩ: "Ai đã nói bài kệ này? Người hay không phải người?" 4. Then it occurred to the bhikkhuni Somā: “Now who is this that recited the verse—a human being or a nonhuman being?”
atha kho somāya bhikkhuniyā etadahosi — “māro kho ayaṃ pāpimā mama bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo samādhimhā cāvetukāmo gāthaṃ bhāsatī”ti. 5) Tỷ-kheo-ni Somā suy nghĩ: "Ðây là Ác ma muốn làm cho ta run sợ, hoảng sợ, lông tóc dựng ngược, muốn ta từ bỏ Thiền định, nên đã nói lên bài kệ đó". 5. Then it occurred to her: “This is Māra the Evil One, who has recited the verse desiring to arouse fear, trepidation, and terror in me, desiring to make me fall away from concentration.”

atha kho somā bhikkhunī “māro ayaṃ pāpimā” iti viditvā māraṃ pāpimantaṃ gāthāhi paccabhāsi —

♦ “itthibhāvo kiṃ kayirā, cittamhi susamāhite.

♦ ñāṇamhi vattamānamhi, sammā dhammaṃ vipassato.

♦ “yassa nūna siyā evaṃ, itthāhaṃ purisoti vā.

♦ kiñci vā pana aññasmi {asmīti (syā. kaṃ. pī.)}, taṃ māro vattumarahatī”ti.

6) Tỷ-kheo-ni Somā biết được : "Ðây là Ác ma", liền nói lên bài kệ với Ác ma:

Nữ tánh chướng ngại gì,
Khi tâm khéo Thiền định,
Khi trí tuệ triển khai,
Chánh quán pháp vi diệu?
Ai tự mình tìm hỏi :
"Ta, nữ nhân, nam nhân,
Hay ta là ai khác?"
Xứng nói chuyện Ác ma,
Ác ma thật cân xứng.

6. Then the bhikkhuni Somā, having understood, “This is Māra the Evil One,” replied to him in verses: <284>

523) “What does womanhood matter at all
When the mind is concentrated well,
When knowledge flows on steadily
As one sees correctly into Dhamma. (337)

524) “One to whom it might occur,
‘I’m a woman’ or ‘I’m a man’
Or ‘I’m anything at all’—
Is fit for Mara to address.” (338)

♦ atha kho māro pāpimā “jānāti maṃ somā bhikkhunī”ti dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyīti. 7) Ác ma biết được: "Tỷ-kheo-ni Somā đã biết ta", nên buồn khổ, thất vọng, liền biến mất tại chỗ ấy. 7. Then Māra the Evil One, realizing, “The bhikkhuni Somā knows me,” sad and disappointed, disappeared right there.

 

♦ 3. Kisāgotamīsuttaṃ (SN 5.3) – III. Gotamī (S. i. 129) – 5.3. Gotamī

♦ 164. sāvatthinidānaṃ. atha kho kisāgotamī bhikkhunī pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi.

1) Nhân duyên ở Sāvatthī.

Tỷ-kheo-ni Kisā Gotamī, (6) vào buổi sáng đắp y, cầm y bát đi vào Sāvatthī để khất thực.

1. At Sāvatthī. Then, in the morning, the bhikkhuni Kisāgotamī dressed and, taking bowl and robe, entered Sāvatthī for alms. (339)
sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantā yena andhavanaṃ tenupasaṅkami, divāvihārāya. andhavanaṃ ajjhogāhetvā aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi. 2) Khất thực ở Sāvatthī xong, sau bữa ăn, trên con đường đi khất thực trở về, Tỷ-kheo-ni Kisā Gotamī đi đến rừng Andha để nghỉ ban ngày; sau khi đi sâu vào rừng Andha, đến ngồi dưới một gốc cây để nghỉ ban ngày. 2. When she had walked for alms in Sāvatthī and had returned from her alms round, after her meal she went to the Blind Men’s Grove for the day’s abiding. Having plunged into the Blind Men’s Grove, she sat down at the foot of a tree for the day’s abiding. <285>

atha kho māro pāpimā kisāgotamiyā bhikkhuniyā bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo samādhimhā cāvetukāmo yena kisāgotamī bhikkhunī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā kisāgotamiṃ bhikkhuniṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi —

♦ “kiṃ nu tvaṃ mataputtāva, ekamāsi rudammukhī.

♦ vanamajjhagatā ekā, purisaṃ nu gavesasī”ti.

3) Ác ma muốn làm cho Tỷ-kheo-ni Kisā Gotamī run sợ, hoảng sợ, lông tóc dựng ngược, muốn khiến nàng từ bỏ Thiền định, liền đi đến Tỷ-kheo-ni Kisā Gotamī; sau khi đi đến, liền nói lên bài kệ với Tỷ-kheo-ni Kisā Gotamī:

Sao nàng như mất con,
Một mình, mặt ứa lệ.
Hay một mình vào rừng,
Ðể tìm đàn ông nào?

3. Then Māra the Evil One, desiring to arouse fear, trepidation, and terror in the bhikkhuni Kisāgotamī, desiring to make her fall away from concentration, approached her and addressed her in verse:

525) “Why now, when your son is dead,
Do you sit alone with tearful face?
Having entered the woods all alone,
Are you on the lookout for a man?”

♦ atha kho kisāgotamiyā bhikkhuniyā etadahosi — “ko nu khvāyaṃ manusso vā amanusso vā gāthaṃ bhāsatī”ti? 4) Tỷ-kheo-ni Kisā Gotamī suy nghĩ: "Ai đã nói lên bài kệ này? Người hay không phải người?" 4. Then it occurred to the bhikkhuni Kisāgotamī: “Now who is this that recited the verse—a human being or a nonhuman being?”
atha kho kisāgotamiyā bhikkhuniyā etadahosi — “māro kho ayaṃ pāpimā mama bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo samādhimhā cāvetukāmo gāthaṃ bhāsatī”ti. 5) Tỷ-kheo-ni Kisā Gotamī suy nghĩ: "Ðây là Ác ma muốn làm ta run sợ, hoảng sợ, lông tóc dựng ngược, muốn khiến ta từ bỏ Thiền định nên đã nói lên bài kệ đó". 5. Then it occurred to her: “This is Māra the Evil One, who has recited the verse desiring to arouse fear, trepidation, and terror in me, desiring to make me fall away from concentration.”

♦ atha kho kisāgotamī bhikkhunī “māro ayaṃ pāpimā” iti viditvā māraṃ pāpimantaṃ gāthāhi paccabhāsi —

♦ “accantaṃ mataputtāmhi, purisā etadantikā.

♦ na socāmi na rodāmi, na taṃ bhāyāmi āvuso.

♦ “sabbattha vihatā nandī, tamokkhandho padālito.

♦ jetvāna maccuno {jetvā namucino (sī.)} senaṃ, viharāmi anāsavā”ti.

6) Tỷ-kheo-ni Kisā Gotamī biết được: "Ðây là Ác ma", liền nói lên bài kệ với Ác ma:

Con hại, đã qua rồi,
Ðàn ông đã chấm dứt,
Ta không sầu, không khóc,
Ta sợ gì các Ông?
Khắp nơi hỷ, ái đoạn,
Khối mê ám nát tan,
Chiến thắng quân thần chết,
Vô lậu, ta an trú.

6. Then the bhikkhuni Kisāgotamī, having understood, “This is Māra the Evil One,” replied to him in verses:

526) “I’ve gotten past the death of sons;
With this, the search for men has ended.
I do not sorrow, I do not weep,
Nor do I fear you, friend . (340)

527) “Delight everywhere has been destroyed,
The mass of darkness has been sundered. <286>
Having conquered the army of Death,
I dwell without defiling taints.” (341)

♦ atha kho māro pāpimā “jānāti maṃ kisāgotamī bhikkhunī”ti dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyīti. 7) Ác ma biết được: "Tỷ-kheo-ni Kisā Gotamī đã biết ta" nên buồn khổ, thất vọng, liền biến mất tại chỗ ấy. 7. Then Māra the Evil One, realizing, “The bhikkhuni Kisāgotamī knows me,” sad and disappointed, disappeared right there.

 

♦ 4. Vijayāsuttaṃ (SN 5.4) – IV. Vijayā – 5.4. Vijayā

♦ 165. sāvatthinidānaṃ. atha kho vijayā bhikkhunī pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā ... pe ... aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi.

1) Nhân duyên ở Sāvatthī.

Tỷ-kheo-ni Vijayā vào buổi sáng đắp y... và ngồi xuống dưới một gốc cây để nghỉ ban ngày.

1. At Sāvatthī. Then, in the morning, the bhikkhuni Vijayā dressed … she sat down at the foot of a tree for the day’s abiding. (342)

atha kho māro pāpimā vijayāya bhikkhuniyā bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo samādhimhā cāvetukāmo yena vijayā bhikkhunī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā vijayaṃ bhikkhuniṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi —

♦ “daharā tvaṃ rūpavatī, ahañca daharo susu.

♦ pañcaṅgikena turiyena, ehayyebhiramāmase”ti {ehi ayye ramāmaseti (sī.)}.

2) Ác Ma muốn làm cho Tỳ-kheo-ni Vijayā sợ hãi ... muốn khiến nàng từ bỏ Thiền định, liền đi đến Tỳ-kheo-ni Vijayā; sau khi đến, nói lên bài kệ với Tỳ-kheo-ni Vijayā:

Nàng vừa trẻ, vừa đẹp,
Ta vừa trẻ, vừa xuân,
Với cung đàn năm điệu,
Nàng cùng ta vui hưởng.

2. Then Māra the Evil One, desiring to arouse fear, trepidation, and terror in the bhikkhuni Vijayā, desiring to make her fall away from concentration, approached her and addressed her in verse: [131]
528) “You are so young and beautiful,
And I too am a youth in my prime.
Come, noble lady, let us rejoice
With the music of a fivefold ensemble.” (343)
♦ atha kho vijayāya bhikkhuniyā etadahosi — “ko nu khvāyaṃ manusso vā amanusso vā gāthaṃ bhāsatī”ti? 3) Tỷ-kheo-ni Vijayā suy nghĩ: " Ai đã nói lên bài kệ này? Người hay không phải người?" 3. Then it occurred to the bhikkhuni Vijayā: “Now who is this…?
atha kho vijayāya bhikkhuniyā etadahosi — “māro kho ayaṃ pāpimā mama bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo samādhimhā cāvetukāmo gāthaṃ bhāsatī”ti. 4) Tỷ-kheo-ni Vijayā suy nghĩ: " Ðây là Ác ma... nói lên bài kệ đó." 4. This is Māra the Evil One … desiring to make me fall away from concentration.” <287>

atha kho vijayā bhikkhunī “māro ayaṃ pāpimā” iti viditvā māraṃ pāpimantaṃ gāthāhi paccabhāsi —

♦ “rūpā saddā rasā gandhā, phoṭṭhabbā ca manoramā.

♦ niyyātayāmi tuyheva, māra nāhaṃ tenatthikā.

♦ “iminā pūtikāyena, bhindanena pabhaṅgunā.

♦ aṭṭīyāmi harāyāmi, kāmataṇhā samūhatā.

♦ “ye ca rūpūpagā sattā, ye ca arūpaṭṭhāyino {āruppaṭṭhāyino (sī. pī.)}.

♦ yā ca santā samāpatti, sabbattha vihato tamo”ti.

5) Tỷ-kheo-ni Vijayā suy nghĩ: "Ðây là Ác ma", liền nói lên bài kệ với Ác ma:

Sắc, tiếng, vị, hương, xúc, (7)
Làm cho ý đam mê,
Ta nhường lại Ác ma,
Ta đâu có cần chúng.
Với thân bất tịnh này,
Dễ hư hoại mong manh,
Ta bực phiền, tủi hổ,
Dục ái được đoạn tận.
Họ sanh hưởng sắc giới,
Chúng vọng vô sắc giới,
Thiền chứng an tịnh ấy, (8)
Mọi nơi, mê ám diệt.

5. Then the bhikkhuni Vijayā, having understood, “This is Māra the Evil One,” replied to him in verses:

529) “Forms, sounds, tastes, odours,
And delightful tactile objects—
I offer them right back to you,
For I, O Māra, do not need them.

530) “I am repelled and humiliated
By this foul, putrid body,
Subject to break up, fragile:
I’ve uprooted sensual craving. (344)

531) “As to those beings who fare amidst form,
And those who abide in the formless,
And those peaceful attainments too:
Everywhere darkness has been destroyed.” (345)

♦ atha kho māro pāpimā “jānāti maṃ vijayā bhikkhunī”ti dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyīti. 6) Ác ma biết được: "Tỷ-kheo-ni Aijayā đã biết ta", buồn khổ, thất vọng, liền biến mất tại chỗ ấy. 6. Then Māra the Evil One, realizing “The bhikkhuni Vijayā knows me,” sad and disappointed, disappeared right there.

 

♦ 5. Uppalavaṇṇāsuttaṃ (SN 5.5) – V. Uppalavaṇṇā (S. i. 131) – 5.5. Uppalavaṇṇā

♦ 166. sāvatthinidānaṃ. atha kho uppalavaṇṇā bhikkhunī pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā ... pe ... aññatarasmiṃ supupphitasālarukkhamūle aṭṭhāsi.

1) Nhân duyên Sāvatthī.

Rồi Tỷ-kheo-ni Uppalavaṇṇā vào buổi sáng đắp y... và đứng dưới gốc cây tala có trổ hoa.

1. <288> At Sāvatthī. Then, in the morning, the bhikkhuni Uppalavaṇṇā dressed … she stood at the foot of a sal tree in full flower. (346)

atha kho māro pāpimā uppalavaṇṇāya bhikkhuniyā bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo samādhimhā cāvetukāmo yena uppalavaṇṇā bhikkhunī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā uppalavaṇṇaṃ bhikkhuniṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi —

♦ “supupphitaggaṃ upagamma bhikkhuni,

♦ ekā tuvaṃ tiṭṭhasi sālamūle.

♦ na catthi te dutiyā vaṇṇadhātu,

♦ bāle na tvaṃ bhāyasi dhuttakānan”ti.

2) Ác ma muốn làm cho Tỷ-kheo-ni Uppalavaṇṇā run sợ, hoảng sợ, lông tóc dựng ngược, muốn khiến nàng từ bỏ Thiền định, liền đi đến Tỷ-kheo-ni Uppalavaṇṇā.

3) Sau khi đến, Ác ma nói lên bài kệ này với Tỷ-kheo-ni Uppalavaṇṇā:

Này nàng Tỷ-kheo-ni,
Dưới gốc cây tala,
Ðang nở nụ trăm hoa,
Nàng đến đứng một mình,
Nhan sắc Nàng tuyệt đẹp,
Không ai dám sánh bằng!
Tại đây Nàng đã đến,
Trong tư thế như vậy,
Nàng ngu dại kia ơi,
Không sợ cám dỗ sao?

2-3. Then Māra the Evil One, desiring to arouse fear, trepidation, and terror in the bhikkhuni Uppalavaṇṇā, desiring to make her fall away from concentration, approached her and addressed her in verse:

532) “Having gone to a sal tree with flowering top,
You stand at its foot all alone, bhikkhuni.
There is none whose beauty rivals yours:
Foolish girl, aren’t you afraid of rogues?” (347)

♦ atha kho uppalavaṇṇāya bhikkhuniyā etadahosi — “ko nu khvāyaṃ manusso vā amanusso vā gāthaṃ bhāsatī”ti? atha kho uppalavaṇṇāya bhikkhuniyā etadahosi — “māro kho ayaṃ pāpimā mama bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo samādhimhā cāvetukāmo gāthaṃ bhāsatī”ti.

4) Tỷ-kheo-ni Uppalavaṇṇā suy nghĩ: "Ai đã nói lên bài kệ này? Người hay là không phải người?"

5) Tỷ-kheo-ni Uppalavaṇṇā suy nghĩ: "Ðây là Ác ma... đã nói lên bài kệ đó."

4-5. Then it occurred to the bhikkhuni Uppalavaṇṇā: [132] “Now who is this…? This is Māra the Evil One … desiring to make me fall away from concentration.” <289>

atha kho uppalavaṇṇā bhikkhunī “māro ayaṃ pāpimā” iti viditvā māraṃ pāpimantaṃ gāthāhi paccabhāsi —

♦ “sataṃ sahassānipi dhuttakānaṃ,

♦ idhāgatā tādisakā bhaveyyuṃ.

♦ lomaṃ na iñjāmi na santasāmi,

♦ na māra bhāyāmi tamekikāpi.

♦ “esā antaradhāyāmi, kucchiṃ vā pavisāmi te.

♦ pakhumantarikāyampi, tiṭṭhantiṃ maṃ na dakkhasi.

♦ “cittasmiṃ vasībhūtāmhi, iddhipādā subhāvitā.

♦ sabbabandhanamuttāmhi, na taṃ bhāyāmi āvuso”ti.

6) Tỷ-kheo-ni Uppalavaṇṇā biết được: "Ðây là Ác ma", liền trả lời với bài kệ:

Trăm ngàn người cám dỗ,
Có đến đây như Ông,
Mảy lông ta không động,
Ta không gì sợ hãi.
Ác ma, ta không sợ,
Ta đứng đây một mình,
Ta có thể biến mất,
Hay vào bụng các Ông.
Ta đứng giữa hàng mi,
Ông không thấy ta được.
Với tâm khéo khiếp phục,
Thần túc khéo tu trì,
Ta thoát mọi trói buộc,
Ta đâu có sợ Ông?
Này Hiền giả Ác ma!

6. Then the bhikkhuni Uppalavaṇṇā, having understood, “This is Māra the Evil One,” replied to him in verses:

533) “Though a hundred thousand rogues
Just like you might come here,
I stir not a hair, I feel no terror;
Even alone, Māra, I don’t fear you. (348)

534) “I can make myself disappear
Or I can enter inside your belly.
I can stand between your eyebrows
Yet you won’t catch a glimpse of me.

535) “I am the master of my mind,
The bases of power are well developed;
I am freed from all bondage,
Therefore I don’t fear you, friend.” (349) <290>

♦ atha kho māro pāpimā “jānāti maṃ uppalavaṇṇā bhikkhunī”ti dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyīti. 7) Ác ma biết được: "Tỷ-kheo-ni Uppalavaṇṇā đã biết ta", buồn khổ, thất vọng, liền biến mất tại chỗ ấy. 7. Then Māra the Evil One, realizing, “The bhikkhuni Uppalavaṇṇā knows me,” sad and disappointed, disappeared right there.

 

♦ 6. Cālāsuttaṃ (SN 5.6) – VI. Cālā (S. i. 132) – 5.6. Cālā

♦ 167. sāvatthinidānaṃ. atha kho cālā bhikkhunī pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā ... pe ... aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi.

1) Nhân duyên ở Sāvatthī.

Tỷ-kheo-ni Cālā vào buổi sáng đắp y... ngồi dưới một gốc cây để nghỉ ban ngày.

1. At Sāvatthī. Then, in the morning, the bhikkhuni Cālā dressed … she sat down at the foot of a tree for the day’s abiding. (350)
atha kho māro pāpimā yena cālā bhikkhunī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā cālaṃ bhikkhuniṃ etadavoca — “kiṃ nu tvaṃ, bhikkhuni, na rocesī”ti? “jātiṃ khvāhaṃ, āvuso, na rocemī”ti.

2) Ác ma đi đến Tỷ-kheo-ni Cālā; sau khi đến, nói với Tỷ-kheo-ni Cālā:

-- Này Tỷ-kheo-ni, Nàng không vui thích gì?

-- Này Hiền giả, ta không vui thích sanh.

-- Sao Nàng không vui thích sanh?

-- Khi đã sanh, phải thọ hưởng các dục.

-- Này Tỷ-kheo-ni, ai dạy cho nàng: "Chớ có vui thích sanh"?

2. Then Māra the Evil One approached the bhikkhuni Cālā and said to her: “What don’t you approve of, bhikkhuni?”

“I don’t approve of birth, friend.”

536) “Why don’t you approve of birth?
Once born, one enjoys sensual pleasures.
Who now has persuaded you of this:
‘Bhikkhuni, don’t approve of birth’?”

♦ “kiṃ nu jātiṃ na rocesi, jāto kāmāni bhuñjati.

♦ ko nu taṃ idamādapayi, jātiṃ mā roca {mā rocesi (sī. pī.)} bhikkhunī”ti.

♦ “jātassa maraṇaṃ hoti, jāto dukkhāni phussati {passati (sī. pī.)}.

♦ bandhaṃ vadhaṃ pariklesaṃ, tasmā jātiṃ na rocaye.

♦ “buddho dhammamadesesi, jātiyā samatikkamaṃ.

♦ sabbadukkhappahānāya, so maṃ sacce nivesayi.

♦ “ye ca rūpūpagā sattā, ye ca arūpaṭṭhāyino.

♦ nirodhaṃ appajānantā, āgantāro punabbhavan”ti.

3) (Cālā):

Sanh ra rồi phải chết,
Ðã sanh thấy khổ đau,
Kiết sử trói gia hại,
Do vậy không thích sanh.
Ðức Phật thuyết giảng pháp,
Khiến vượt khỏi tái sanh,
Ðoạn trừ mọi khổ não,
Giúp ta trú chân thật.
Chúng sanh hướng sắc giới,
Họ vọng vô sắc giới,
Nếu không biết đoạn diệt,
Họ đi đến tái sanh.

2. The bhikkhuni Cālā:

537) “For one who is born there is death;
Once born, one encounters sufferings—
Bondage, murder, affliction—
Hence one shouldn’t approve of birth. (351)

538) “The Buddha has taught the Dhamma, <291>
The transcendence of birth;
For the abandoning of all suffering
He has settled me in the truth. [133]

539) “As to those beings who fare amidst form,
And those who abide in the formless—
Not having understood cessation,
They come again to renewed existence.” (352)

♦ atha kho māro pāpimā “jānāti maṃ cālā bhikkhunī”ti dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyīti. 4) Ác ma biết được: "Tỷ-kheo-ni Cālā đã biết ta", buồn khổ, thất vọng, liền biến mất tại chỗ ấy. 4. Then Māra the Evil One, realizing, “The bhikkhuni Cālā knows me,” sad and disappointed, disappeared right there.

 

♦ 7. Upacālāsuttaṃ (SN 5.7) – VII. Upacālā – 5.7. Upacālā

♦ 168. sāvatthinidānaṃ. atha kho upacālā bhikkhunī pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā ... pe ... aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi. atha kho māro pāpimā yena upacālā bhikkhunī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā upacālaṃ bhikkhuniṃ etadavoca — “kattha nu tvaṃ, bhikkhuni, uppajjitukāmā”ti?

1) Ở tại Sāvatthī.

2) Rồi Tỷ-kheo-ni Upacālā, vào buổi sáng, đắp y... và ngồi xuống một gốc cây để nghỉ ban ngày... nói với Tỷ-kheo-ni Upacālā:

-- Này Tỷ-kheo-ni, Nàng muốn tái sanh tại chỗ nào?.

1. At Sāvatthī.

2. Then, in the morning, the bhikkhuni Upacālā dressed … she sat down at the foot of a tree for the day’s abiding.

Then Māra the Evil One approached the bhikkhuni Upacālā and said to her: “Where do you wish to be reborn, bhikkhuni?”

“na khvāhaṃ, āvuso, katthaci uppajjitukāmā”ti. 3) -- Ta không muốn tái sanh tại một chỗ nào cả, này Hiền giả. 3. “I do not wish to be reborn anywhere, friend.”

♦ “tāvatiṃsā ca yāmā ca, tusitā cāpi devatā.

♦ nimmānaratino devā, ye devā vasavattino.

♦ tattha cittaṃ paṇidhehi, ratiṃ paccanubhossasī”ti.

♦ “tāvatiṃsā ca yāmā ca, tusitā cāpi devatā.

4)

Chư Thiên Ba mươi ba,
Dạ-ma, Ðâu-suất thiên,
Chư vị Hóa lạc thiên,
Tha hóa Tự tại thiên,
Nàng hãy hướng tâm này,
Ðến cảnh giới chư Thiên,
Rồi Nàng được tái sanh,
Hưởng an lạc cảnh ấy.

540) “There are Tāvatiṁsā and Yāmā devas,
And devatās of the Tusitā realm,
Devas who take delight in creating, <292>
And devas who exercise control.
Direct your mind there (to those realms)
And you’ll experience delight.” (353)

♦ nimmānaratino devā, ye devā vasavattino.

♦ kāmabandhanabaddhā te, enti māravasaṃ puna.

♦ “sabbo ādīpito {sabbova āditto (syā. kaṃ.)} loko, sabbo loko padhūpito.

♦ sabbo pajjalito {pajjalito (sabbattha)} loko, sabbo loko pakampito.

♦ “akampitaṃ apajjalitaṃ {acalitaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)}, aputhujjanasevitaṃ.

♦ agati yattha mārassa, tattha me nirato mano”ti.

5)

Chư Thiên Ba mươi ba,
Dạ-ma, Ðâu-suất thiên,
Chư vị Hóa Lạc thiên,
Tha hóa, Tự tại thiên,
Vì ái dục trói buộc,
Lại bị ma chinh phục.
Toàn thế giới cháy đỏ,
Toàn thế giới hỏa thiêu,
Toàn thế giới bùng cháy,
Toàn thế giới rung động.
Không rung, không dao động,
Không hệ lụy, phàm phu,
Chỗ nào ma không đến,
Chỗ ấy ta vui thích.

5. (The bhikkhuni Upacālā:)

541) “There are Tāvatiṁsā and Yāmā devas,
And devatās of the Tusitā realm,
Devas who take delight in creating,
And devas who exercise control.
They are still bound by sensual bondage,
They come again under Māra’s control.

542) “All the world is on fire,
All the world is burning,
All the world is ablaze,
All the world is quaking.

543) “That which does not quake or blaze,
That to which worldlings do not resort,
Where there is no place for Mara:
That is where my mind delights.” (354)

♦ atha kho māro pāpimā “jānāti maṃ upacālā bhikkhunī”ti dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyīti. 6) Rồi Ác ma biết được... biến mất tại chỗ ấy. 6. Then Māra the Evil One, realizing, “The bhikkhuni Upacālā knows me, sad and disappointed, disappeared right there.

 

♦ 8. Sīsupacālāsuttaṃ (SN 5.8) – VIII. Sīsupacālā – 5.8. Sīsupacālā

♦ 169. sāvatthinidānaṃ. atha kho sīsupacālā {sīsūpacālā (sī.)} bhikkhunī pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā ... pe ... aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi.

1) Tại Sāvatthī.

Tỷ-kheo-ni Sīsupacālā vào buổi sáng đắp y... rồi ngồi xuống một gốc cây để nghỉ ban ngày.

1. <293> At Sāvatthī. Then, in the morning, the bhikkhuni Sīsupacālā dressed … she sat down at the foot of a tree for the day’s abiding.
atha kho māro pāpimā yena sīsupacālā bhikkhunī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā sīsupacālaṃ bhikkhuniṃ etadavoca — “kassa nu tvaṃ, bhikkhuni, pāsaṇḍaṃ rocesī”ti?

2) Rồi Ác ma đi đến Tỷ-kheo-ni Sīsupacālā; sau khi đến, nói với Tỷ-kheo-ni Sīsupacālā:

-- Này Tỷ-kheo-ni, Nàng thích thú tà giáo (9) của ai không?

2. Then Māra the Evil One approached the bhikkhuni Sīsupacālā and said to her: “Whose creed do you approve of, bhikkhuni?”
“na khvāhaṃ, āvuso, kassaci pāsaṇḍaṃ rocemī”ti. 3) -- Này Hiền giả, ta không thích thú tà giáo của ai cả. 3. “I don’t approve of anyone’s creed, friend.”

♦ “kaṃ nu uddissa muṇḍāsi, samaṇī viya dissasi.

♦ na ca rocesi pāsaṇḍaṃ, kimiva carasi momūhā”ti.

4)

Vì ai Nàng trọc đầu,
Hiện tướng nữ Sa-môn?
Nàng không thích tà giáo,
Vậy nàng tu cho ai,
Này kẻ Ngu muội kia?

544) “Under whom have you shaved your head?
You do appear to be an ascetic,
Yet you don’t approve of any creed,
So why wander as if bewildered?” (355)

♦ “ito bahiddhā pāsaṇḍā, diṭṭhīsu pasīdanti te.

♦ na tesaṃ dhammaṃ rocemi, te dhammassa akovidā.

♦ “atthi sakyakule jāto, buddho appaṭipuggalo.

♦ sabbābhibhū māranudo, sabbatthamaparājito.

♦ “sabbattha mutto asito, sabbaṃ passati cakkhumā.

♦ sabbakammakkhayaṃ patto, vimutto upadhisaṅkhaye.

♦ so mayhaṃ bhagavā satthā, tassa rocemi sāsanan”ti.

5) (Sīsupacālā):

Những kẻ tin tà kiến,
Thuộc ngoại đạo tà giáo.
Ta không thích pháp họ,
Ta không giỏi pháp họ!
Có dòng họ Thích-ca.
Ðản sanh Phật vô tỷ,
Ngài chinh phục tất cả,
Ngài đại phá chúng ma,
Tại mọi chỗ, mọi nơi,
Không ai chiến thắng Ngài.
Ngài giải thoát hoàn toàn,
Không bị gì triền phược.
Bậc Pháp nhãn thấy khắp;
Tất cả nghiệp đoạn diệt,
Giải thoát, diệt sanh y.
Thế Tôn, Ðạo Sư ta,
Ta thích giáo pháp Ngài.

5. (The bhikkhuni Sīsupacālā:)

545) “Outside here the followers of creeds
Place their confidence in views.
I don’t approve of their teachings;
They are not skilled in the Dhamma. [134]

546) “But there’s one born in the Sakyan clan,
The Enlightened One, without an equal, <294>
Conqueror of all, Māra’s subduer,
Who everywhere is undefeated,
Everywhere freed and unattached,
The One with Vision who sees all.

547) “Attained to the end of all kamma,
Liberated in the extinction of acquisitions,
That Blessed One is my Teacher:
His is the teaching I approve.” (356)

♦ atha kho māro pāpimā “jānāti maṃ sīsupacālā bhikkhunī”ti dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyīti. 6) Rồi Ác ma biết được... liền biến mất tại chỗ ấy. 6. Then Māra the Evil One, realizing, “The bhikkhuni Sīsupacālā knows me,” sad and disappointed, disappeared right there.

 

♦ 9. Selāsuttaṃ (SN 5.9) – IX. Selā (S.i.134) – 5.9. Sela

♦ 170. sāvatthinidānaṃ. atha kho selā bhikkhunī pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā ... pe ... aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi.

1) Ở tại Sāvatthī.

Tỷ-kheo-ni Selā vào buổi sáng đắp y... ngồi dưới một gốc cây để nghỉ ban ngày.

1. At Sāvatthī. Then, in the morning, the bhikkhuni Selā dressed … she sat down at the foot of a tree for the day’s abiding. (357)

atha kho māro pāpimā selāya bhikkhuniyā bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo ... pe ... selaṃ bhikkhuniṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi —

♦ “kenidaṃ pakataṃ bimbaṃ, kvanu {kvannu (sī. pī.), kvaci (syā. kaṃ. ka.)} bimbassa kārako.

♦ kvanu bimbaṃ samuppannaṃ, kvanu bimbaṃ nirujjhatī”ti.

♦ atha kho selāya bhikkhuniyā etadahosi — “ko nu khvāyaṃ manusso vā amanusso vā gāthaṃ bhāsatī”ti?

2) Rồi Ác ma muốn làm Tỷ-kheo-ni Selā run sợ... nói lên bài kệ với Tỷ-kheo-ni Selā:

Bởi vì bong bóng này, (10)
Ðược tạo tác làm ra,
Ai là người sáng tạo,
Bong bóng như huyễn này?
Từ đâu bong bóng sanh?
Ði đâu bong bóng diệt?

3) Rồi Tỷ-kheo-ni Selā suy nghĩ: "Ai đã nói lên bài kệ này? Người hay không phải người?"

2-3. Then Māra the Evil One, desiring to arouse fear, trepidation, and terror in the bhikkhuni Selā, desiring to make her fall away from concentration, approached her and addressed her in verse:

548) By whom has this puppet been created?
Where is the maker of the puppet?
Where has the puppet arisen?
Where does the puppet cease?” (358) <295>

atha kho selāya bhikkhuniyā etadahosi — “māro kho ayaṃ pāpimā mama bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo samādhimhā cāvetukāmo gāthaṃ bhāsatī”ti. 4) Rồi Tỷ-kheo-ni Selā suy nghĩ: " Ðây là Ác ma, muốn làm ta run sợ, hoảng sợ, lông tóc dựng ngược, muốn khiến ta từ bỏ Thiền định, nên đã nói lên bài kệ ấy". 4. Then it occurred to the bhikkhuni Selā: “Now who is this…? This is Māra the Evil One … desiring to make me fall away from concentration.”

atha kho selā bhikkhunī “māro ayaṃ pāpimā” iti viditvā māraṃ pāpimantaṃ gāthāhi paccabhāsi —

♦ “nayidaṃ attakataṃ {nayidaṃ pakataṃ (syā. kaṃ.)} bimbaṃ, nayidaṃ parakataṃ {nayidaṃ pakataṃ (syā. kaṃ.)} aghaṃ.

♦ hetuṃ paṭicca sambhūtaṃ, hetubhaṅgā nirujjhati.

♦ “yathā aññataraṃ bījaṃ, khette vuttaṃ virūhati.

♦ pathavīrasañcāgamma, sinehañca tadūbhayaṃ.

♦ “evaṃ khandhā ca dhātuyo, cha ca āyatanā ime.

♦ hetuṃ paṭicca sambhūtā, hetubhaṅgā nirujjhare”ti.

5) Rồi Tỷ-kheo-ni Selā được biết: "Ðây là Ác ma", nên trả lời Ác ma với bài kệ:

Bong bóng như huyễn này,
Không phải tự ngã làm,
Sự vật bạc phước này,
Không phải người khác làm.
Do nhân duyên quy tụ,
Sự vật được hình thành,
Do nhân duyên tán ly,
Sự vật bị tiêu diệt.
Hột giống gieo vào ruộng,
Ðược nẩy mầm, sinh lộc,
Khi nhiễm thấm cả hai,
Vị đất và khí ướt.
Cũng vậy uẩn và giới,
Cùng với sáu xứ này,
Do nhân duyên quy tụ,
Chúng sẽ được hình thành,
Do nhân duyên tán ly,
Chúng bị hoại, tiêu diệt.

5. Then the bhikkhuni Selā, having understood, “This is Māra the Evil One,” replied to him in verses:

549) “This puppet is not made by itself,
Nor is this misery made by another.
It has come to be dependent on a cause;
With the cause’s breakup it will cease.

550) “As when a seed is sown in a field
It grows depending on a pair of factors:
It requires both the soil’s nutrients
And a steady supply of moisture:

551) “Just so the aggregates and elements,
And these six bases of sensory contact,
Have come to be dependent on a cause;
With the cause’s breakup they will cease.” (359)

♦ atha kho māro pāpimā “jānāti maṃ selā bhikkhunī”ti dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyīti. 6) Rồi Ác ma biết được: "Tỷ-kheo-ni Selā đã biết ta", nên buồn khổ, thất vọng, liền biến mất tại chỗ ấy. 6. Then Māra the Evil One, realizing, “The bhikkhuni Selā knows me,” sad and disappointed, disappeared right there.

 

♦ 10. Vajirāsuttaṃ (SN 5.10) – X. Vajirā – 5.10. Vajirā

♦ 171. sāvatthinidānaṃ. atha kho vajirā bhikkhunī pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantā yena andhavanaṃ tenupasaṅkami divāvihārāya. andhavanaṃ ajjhogāhetvā aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi.

1) Ở tại Sāvatthī.

Tỷ-kheo-ni Vajirā vào buổi sáng đắp y, cầm y bát, đi vào Sāvatthī để khất thực. Khất thực xong, sau bữa ăn, trên con đường khất thực trở về, Tỷ-kheo-ni Vajirā đi đến rừng Andha để nghỉ ban ngày, đi sâu vào rừng Andha và ngồi dưới một gốc cây để nghỉ ban ngày.

1. <296> At Sāvatthī. Then, in the morning, the bhikkhuni Vajirā dressed and, taking bowl and robe, entered Sāvatthī for alms. (360) When she had walked for alms in Sāvatthī [135] and had returned from her alms round, after her meal she went to the Blind Men’s Grove for the day’s abiding. Having plunged into the Blind Men’s Grove, she sat down at the foot of a tree for the day’s abiding.

atha kho māro pāpimā vajirāya bhikkhuniyā bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo samādhimhā cāvetukāmo yena vajirā bhikkhunī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā vajiraṃ bhikkhuniṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi —

♦ “kenāyaṃ pakato satto, kuvaṃ sattassa kārako.

♦ kuvaṃ satto samuppanno, kuvaṃ satto nirujjhatī”ti.

2) Rồi Ác ma muốn làm Tỷ-kheo-ni Vajirā run sợ, hoảng sợ, lông tóc dựng ngược, muốn khiến nàng từ bỏ Thiền định, liền đi đến, nói lên bài kệ với Tỷ-kheo-ni Vajirā:

3)

Do ai, hữu tình này,
Ðược sanh, được tạo tác?
Người tạo hữu tình này,
Hiện nay ở tại đâu?
Từ đâu hữu tình sanh?
Ði đâu hữu tình diệt?

2. Then Māra the Evil One, desiring to arouse fear, trepidation, and terror in the bhikkhuni Vajirā, desiring to make her fall away from concentration, approached her and addressed her in verse:

552) “By whom has this being been created?
Where is the maker of the being?
Where has the being arisen?
Where does the being cease?”

♦ atha kho vajirāya bhikkhuniyā etadahosi — “ko nu khvāyaṃ manusso vā amanusso vā gāthaṃ bhāsatī”ti? 4) Rồi Tỷ-kheo-ni Vajirā suy nghĩ: "Ai đã nói lên bài kệ này? Người hay không phải người?" 4. Then it occurred to the bhikkhuni Vajirā: “Now who is this that recited the verse—a human being or a nonhuman being?”
atha kho vajirāya bhikkhuniyā etadahosi — “māro kho ayaṃ pāpimā mama bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo samādhimhā cāvetukāmo gāthaṃ bhāsatī”ti. 5) Rồi Tỷ-kheo-ni Vajirā lại suy nghĩ: "Chính là Ác ma muốn làm ta run sợ, hoảng sợ, lông tóc dựng ngược, muốn khiến ta từ bỏ Thiền định, nên đã nói lên bài kệ này". 5. Then it occurred to her: “This is Māra the Evil One, who has recited the verse desiring to arouse fear, trepidation, and terror in me, desiring to make me fall away from concentration.”

atha kho vajirā bhikkhunī “māro ayaṃ pāpimā” iti viditvā, māraṃ pāpimantaṃ gāthāhi paccabhāsi —

♦ “kiṃ nu sattoti paccesi, māra diṭṭhigataṃ nu te.

♦ suddhasaṅkhārapuñjoyaṃ, nayidha sattupalabbhati.

♦ “yathā hi aṅgasambhārā, hoti saddo ratho iti.

♦ evaṃ khandhesu santesu, hoti sattoti sammuti {sammati (syā. kaṃ.)}.

♦ “dukkhameva hi sambhoti, dukkhaṃ tiṭṭhati veti ca.

♦ nāññatra dukkhā sambhoti, nāññaṃ dukkhā nirujjhatī”ti.

6) Rồi Tỷ-kheo-ni Vajirā biết được: "Ðây là Ác ma", liền trả lời Ác ma với bài kệ:

Sao Ông lại nói hoài,
Ðến hai chữ chúng sanh?
Phải chăng, này Ác ma,
Ông rơi vào tà kiến?
Ðây quy tụ các hành,
Chúng sanh được hình thành,
Như bộ phận quy tụ,
Tên xe được nói lên.
Cũng vậy, uẩn quy tụ,
Thông tục gọi chúng sanh.
Chỉ có khổ được sanh,
Khổ tồn tại, khổ diệt,
Ngoài khổ, không gì sanh,
Ngoài khổ không gì diệt.

6. Then the bhikkhuni Vajirā, having understood, “This is Māra the Evil One,” replied to him in verses:

553) “Why now do you assume ‘a being’?
Māra, is that your speculative view? <297>
This is a heap of sheer formations:
Here no being is found.

554) “Just as, with an assemblage of parts,
The word ‘chariot’ is used,
So, when the aggregates exist,
There is the convention ‘a being.’

555) “It’s only suffering that comes to be,
Suffering that stands and falls away.
Nothing but suffering comes to be,
Nothing but suffering ceases.” (361)

♦ atha kho māro pāpimā “jānāti maṃ vajirā bhikkhunī”ti dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyīti.

♦ bhikkhunīsaṃyuttaṃ samattaṃ.

♦ tassuddānaṃ —

♦ āḷavikā ca somā ca, gotamī vijayā saha.

♦ uppalavaṇṇā ca cālā, upacālā sīsupacālā ca.

♦ selā vajirāya te dasāti.

7) Rồi Ác ma biết được: "Tỷ-kheo-ni Vajirā đã biết ta", nên buồn khổ, thất vọng, liền biến mất tại chỗ ấy. 7. Then Māra the Evil One, realizing, “The bhikkhuni Vajirā knows me,” sad and disappointed, disappeared right there.

 

*****

(1) SA. I. 189: Nissaraṇanti nibbānaṃ (Niết-bàn).

(2) Paññā.

(3) Xem S. I. 122 (kinh 160 ở trước).

(4) Padaṃ: Con đường và đích đến.

(5) Thānaṃ: chỉ cho địa vị và cơ hội. Ngài Buddhaghosa giải thích là quả A-la-hán.

(6) Kisāgotamī: cô được đặt tên này vì lúc nhỏ cô rất ốm và thiếu máu.

(7) Xem S. I. 111 (kinh 151 ở trước).

(8) Santā samāpattī. Ngài Buddhaghosa giải thích rằng hành giả thành tựu tám tầng thiền này vẫn còn luân chuyển trong vòng sinh tử, vì chưa đạt được qua vị Vô sanh (A-la-hán).

(9) Pāsaṇḍa: có nguồn gốc chính xác từ pāsā, chỉ cho ngụy giáo như những cạm bẫy.

(10) SA. I. 194: Bimbanti attabhāvaṃ sandhāya vadati ("Hình dáng" là từ sự hợp thành cá nhân người ấy). Trong trường hợp này chỉ cho 5 uẩn.

*****

(331) Thī does not ascribe any verses to a bhikkhunī named Āḷavikā, but two of the verses in this sutta are to be found among Selā’s verses: v. 519 = Thī 57 and v. 521 = Thī 58. Thī-a 60 confirms the identity of the two bhikkhunīs, explaining that Sela was called Āḷavikā because she was the daughter of the king of Āḷavaka. She heard the Buddha preach and became a lay follower. Later she took ordination as a nun and attained arahantship. See Pruitt, Commentary on the Verses of the Therīs, pp. 83–87.

(332) Spk explains the origin of the name: After the parinibbāna of the Buddha Kassapa a lay disciple named Yasodhara, while bringing money to build the cetiya for the relics, was ambushed there and blinded by five hundred thieves. Because Yasodhara was a noble disciple, the thieves straightaway lost their own vision as an immediate kammic result. They continued to dwell there and thus it became known as the Blind Men’s Grove. Bhikkhus and bhikkhunīs went there for seclusion. It was about three kilometres south of Sāvatthī and was protected by royal guards.

(333) Strangely, this verse, the appropriate response to Māra’s taunt, is not found in Thī. Spk: The escape (nissaraṅa) is Nibbāna. With wisdom (paññā): with reviewing knowledge. Spk-pṭ: The intention is: “How much more, then, with the knowledge of the path and fruit?”

(334) In pāda b, khandhāsaṃ should be resolved khandhā esaṃ. Spk glosses khandhā tesaṃ. See above n. 209 and EV II, n. to 58.

(335) Thī-a 64 identifies her as the daughter of King Bimbisāra’s chaplain. Two verses here = Thī 60–61, also ascribed to Somā, but the third verse differs in the two sources. For the background, see Commentary on the Verses, pp. 87–90.

(336) Spk: That state (ṭhāna): arahantship. With her two-fingered wisdom (dvaṅgulapaññāya): with limited wisdom (parittapaññā ya); or else this is said of women because they cut the thread while holding the cotton ball between two fingers. Spk-pṭ and Thī-a 65 offer a different explanation: “From the age of seven on they are always testing whether the rice is cooked by taking grains out from the pot and pressing them between two fingers. Therefore they are said to have ‘two-fingered wisdom.’” It should be noted that it is Māra who voices this ancient bias. See too Mvu III 391,19, where we find dvaṅgulaprajñāye strīmātrāye.

(337) Spk: When knowledge flows on steadily (ñāṅamhi vattamā namhi): while the knowledge of the attainment of fruition is occurring (phalasamāpattiñāṅe pavattamāne). As one sees correctly into Dhamma (sammā dhammaṃ vipassato): seeing into the Dhamma of the four truths, or into the five aggregates that form the object of insight in the prelimi-nary phase of practice.

Spk-pṭ: By mentioning the occurrence of the knowledge of fruition attainment, the commentator shows that she has been dwelling in nondelusion regarding the four truths (catūsu saccesu asammohavihāro). Seeing into (vipassantassa; or, “seeing with insight”): for one seeing distinctly by the penetration of nondelusion; for one seeing into the five aggregates themselves in the preliminary portion (of the practice) prior to the breakthrough to the truths (asammohapaṭivedhato visesena passantassa khandhapañcakam eva saccābhisamayato pubbabhāge vipassantassa).

Spk explains in terms of the knowledge of fruition attainment because Somā, being already an arahant, would have been dwelling in the concentration of fruition. In elucidating vipassantassa, Spk-pṭ, in the first clause, connects the word with the realization of the Four Noble Truths on the occasion of the supramundane path; in the second, it takes the word as signifying vipassanā in the technical sense of the preparatory work of insight meditation that leads to the path and fruition.

(338) Spk says one entertains such thoughts on account of craving, conceit, and views. In pāda c, I read with Ee1 & 2 asmī ti, as against Be and Se aññasmiṃ. Strangely, though it delivers the coup de grace to Māra, this verse is without a parallel in Thī.

(339) Spk recapitulates the popular story of her search for the mustard seeds to bring her dead son back to life, told in greater detail at Dhp-a II 270–75; see BL 2:257–60 and Commentary on the Verses, pp. 222–24. Her verses at Thī 213–23 do not correspond to the verses here.

(340) Pādas ab read: Accantaṃ mataputtāmhi/Purisā etadantika. A pun seems to be intended between two senses of being “past the death of sons.” I translate in accordance with the paraphrase of Spk: “I have ‘gotten past the death of sons’ as one for whom the death of a son is over and done with. Now I will never again undergo the death of a son…. The ending of the death of sons is itself the ending of men. Now it is impossible for me to seek a man.” Etadantikā occurs too at Thī 138b.

(341) The first couplet is common in Thī, found at vv. 59, 142, 195, 203, 235, etc. Spk elaborates: “The delight of craving has been destroyed for me in regard to all the aggregates, sense bases, elements, kinds of existence, modes of origin, destinations, stations, and abodes. The mass of ignorance has been broken up by knowledge.”

(342) Thī-a 156 says that in lay life she had been a friend of Khemā, the chief consort of King Bimbisāra. When she heard that Khemā had gone forth under the Buddha, she visited her and was so inspired by their conversation that she too decided to take ordination. Khemā became her preceptor. See Commentary on the Verses, pp. 204–6. Her verses are at Thī 169–74. While the verses here are not among them, interestingly vv. 528 and 530 (with minor differences) are found among Khemā’s verses, Thī 139 and 140.

(343) Spk enumerates the five instruments: ātata, vitata, ātatavitata, susira, ghana. Spk-pṭ explains atata as an instrument with one surface covered by skin, such as a kettle drum (kumbha); vitata, an instrument with two surfaces covered with skins, such as the bheri and mudiṅga drums; ātatavitata, an instrument with a head covered with skin and bound with strings, such as a lute (vīṅā); susira, wind instruments, include flutes, conches, and horns; and ghana is the class of percussion instruments (excluding drums), such as cymbals, tambourines, and gongs.

(344) Though three eds. read in pāda c bhindanena, Ee2 and SS have bhindarena, which perhaps points to an historical reading bhidurena. The Thī counterpart, v. 140, has āturena, but Thī 35a contains the phrase bhiduro kāyo. Both bhindana and bhidura are glossed identically in their respective commentaries as bhijjanasabhāva, “subject to breaking up.”

(345) Spk: Pāda a refers to the form realm, pāda b to the formless realm, and pāda c to the eight mundane meditative attainments. By the mention of the two higher realms, the sensory realm is also implied. Hence she says, “everywhere the darkness of ignorance has been dispelled.”

(346) She was the foremost among the bhikkhunīs in the exercise of supernormal powers (iddhi), to which she testifies in vv. 534–35. Her verses are at Thī 224-35. Vv. 532–35 correspond to Thī 230–33, but with significant differences. Thī 234 is identical with v. 521 here ascribed to Āḷavikā.

(347) Pāda c: Na c’ atthi te dutiyā vaṅṅadhātu. I translate freely in accordance with the gloss of Spk: “There is no second beauty element like your beauty element; there is no other bhikkhunī similar to you.” A pun on the bhikkhunī’s name is probably intended. Se and Ee1 & 2 include an additional pāda between pādas c and d, idh’ āgatā tādisikā bhaveyyuṃ, absent in Be and Thī 230. This seems to me a scribal error, as it is identical with pāda b of the next verse, where it fits.

(348) Spk explains pādas ab as if they meant: “Though a hundred thousand rogues might come here, they would be treated just like you in that they would get no intimacy or affection.” I translate, however, in accordance with the apparent sense, which also can claim support from the gloss of Thī-a on Thī 231.

(349) The iddhipādā, “bases for spiritual power,” are the supporting conditions for the exercise of the iddhi or supernormal powers described in the previous verse. See 51:11.

(350) Cālā, Upacālā, and Sīsupacālā—whose verses appear in 5:6–8 respectively—were the younger sisters of Sāriputta, in descending order of age. Their verses are at Thī 182–88, 189–95, and 196–203. However, not only is the correspondence between the two collections fragmentary, but the ascriptions of authorship also differ. Cālā’s v. 537 corresponds to Thī 191, and v. 538 is reflected obscurely in Thī 192, both of which are there ascribed to Upacālā. Upacālā’s vv. 540–43 correspond to Thī 197, 198, 200, and 201, there ascribed to Sīsupacālā. And Sīsupacālā’s vv. 544–46 correspond to Thī 183–85, but there are ascribed to Cālā.

(351) In pāda b I read phussati with Be, Se, and Ee2, as against Ee1 passati.

(352) On pādas ab, see n. 345.

(353) This verse alludes to five of the six sense-sphere heavens. Only the lowest plane, the heaven of the Four Great Kings, is not mentioned.

(354) In pāda a, I read ajalitaṃ with Se. Be apajjalitaṃ, though hypermetrical, gives the same sense. Ee1 & 2 acalitaṃ, apparently derived from SS, would mean “unshaken.”

(355) Pāsaṅḍa, in pāda c, refers to the “heretical” systems outside the Buddha’s dispensation. I render it, inadequately, as “creed.” Spk explains the word derivation by way of “folk etymology”: “They are called pāsaṅḍas because they lay out a snare (Be: pāsaṃ ḍenti; Se: pāsaṃ oḍḍenti); the meaning is that they throw out the snare of views among the minds of beings. But the Buddha’s dispensation frees one from the snare, so it is not called a pāsaṅḍa; the pāsaṅḍas are found only outside the dispensation.” MW defines pāṣaṅḍa as “a heretic … anyone who falsely assumes the characteristics of an orthodox Hindu, a Jaina, a Buddhist, etc.; a false doctrine, heresy.”

(356) Spk explains vimutto upadhisaṅkhaye in pāda d thus: “He is liberated into Nibbāna, known as the extinction of acquisitions, as object.” The expression is also at MN I 454,3–4 and II 260,22–23. Spk-pṭ defines “the end of all kamma” (sabbakammakkhaya) as arahantship and “the extinction of acquisitions” as Nibbāna. See too 4:25 and n. 324.

(357) There is no way to determine whether this bhikkhunī is identical with Āḷavikā; see n. 331. The verses do not appear in Thā.

(358) Spk: Both puppet (bimba) here, and misery (agha) at v. 549b, refer to individual existence (attabhāva), in the latter case because individual existence is a foundation for suffering.

The philosophers of the Buddha’s time were divided on the question whether suffering is created by oneself (attakata) or by another (parakata). The former was the position of the eternalists, who held there is a permanent self which transmigrates from life to life reaping the fruits of its own deeds. The latter was the position of the annihilationists, who held that a being is annihilated at death and nothing survives, so that one’s share of suffering and happiness is due entirely to external conditions. See the debates recorded at 12:17, 18, 24, 25.

(359) One key to the interpretation of Sel›’s reply is AN I 223–24, where it is said that kamma is the field, consciousness the seed, and craving the moisture, for the production of future renewed existence. The cause (hetu), then, is the kammically formative consciousness accompanied by ignorance and craving. When that dissolves through the elimination of ignorance and craving there is no production of aggregates, elements, and sense bases in a future life. The imagery of seeds and vegetation recurs at 22:54, which also helps to illuminate these verses.

(360) Spk provides no personal identification, and no verses in her name have come down in Thī.

(361) The simile of the chariot is elaborated at Mil 27–28, which quotes the previous verse. Vism 593,18–19 (Ppn 18:28) also quotes these two verses to confirm that “there is no being apart from name-and-form.” Vv. 553–54 are quoted at Abhidh-k-bh pp. 465–66, ascribed to the arahant nun Śailā (= Selā); see Enomoto, CSCS, p. 42.

In v. 555 suffering signifies the inherent unsatisfactoriness of the five aggregates (pañcakkhandhadukkha), which is identical with the heap of sheer formations (suddhasaṅkhārapuñja) in v. 553c. See too 12:15: “What arises is only suffering arising, what ceases is only suffering ceasing.”

 

*****

Nguồn (Source):
- Pāḷi: digitalpalireader.online
- Vietnamese: (HT. Thích Minh Châu dịch): khemarama.net
- English: (Translated by Bhikkhu Bodhi): en.khemarama.net

Những tập kinh khác:

05. Bhikkhunīsaṃyuttaṃ – Tương Ưng Tỷ Kheo Ni – Connected Discourses with Bhikkhunīs

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