Saṃyutta Nikāya (SN) - Tương Ưng Bộ Kinh - The Connected Discourses of the Buddha
[1] Sagāthāvaggapāḷi - Thiên có kệ - The Book with Verses
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[07] Brāhmaṇa Saṃyutta
Tương Ưng Bà La Môn
Connected Discourses with Brahmins
01. Arahantavaggo - Phẩm A-la-hán Thứ Nhất - The Arahants
♦ 1. Dhanañjānīsuttaṃ (SN 7.1) – I. Dhanañjanī (S. i, 160) – 1. (1) Dhanañjanī
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| ♦ 187. evaṃ me sutaṃ — ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. |
1) Như vầy tôi nghe. Một thời Thế Tôn ở Rājagaha (Vương Xá), Veḷuvana (Trúc Lâm), tại chỗ nuôi dưỡng các con sóc. |
1. Thus have I heard. On one occasion the Blessed One was dwelling at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the Squirrel Sanctuary. |
| tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhāradvājagottassa brāhmaṇassa dhanañjānī {dhānañjānī (pī. sī. aṭṭha.)} nāma brāhmaṇī abhippasannā hoti buddhe ca dhamme ca saṅghe ca. | 2) Lúc bấy giờ, nữ Bà-la-môn Dhanañjanī, vợ một người Bà-la-môn thuộc dòng họ Bhāradvāja, có lòng tín thành đối với Phật, Pháp và Tăng. | 2. Now on that occasion the wife of a certain brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan, a brahmin lady named Dhanañjānī, had full confidence in the Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Saṅgha. (428) |
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atha kho dhanañjānī brāhmaṇī bhāradvājagottassa brāhmaṇassa bhattaṃ upasaṃharantī upakkhalitvā tikkhattuṃ udānaṃ udānesi — ♦ “namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa. ♦ namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa. ♦ namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassā”ti. |
3) Rồi nữ Bà-la-môn Dhanañjanī, trong khi bưng cơm cho Bà-la-môn thuộc dòng họ Bhāradvāja, hứng khởi thốt lên ba lần lời cảm hứng: "Ðảnh lễ Thế Tôn, bậc A-la-hán, Chánh Ðẳng Chánh Giác ấy!" | 3. Once, while the brahmin lady Dhanañjānī was bringing the brahmin his meal, she stumbled, whereupon she uttered three times this inspired utterance: “Homage to the Blessed One, the Arahant, the Perfectly Enlightened One! Homage to the Blessed One, the Arahant, the Perfectly Enlightened One! Homage to the Blessed One, the Arahant, the Perfectly Enlightened One!” (429) |
| ♦ evaṃ vutte, bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo dhanañjāniṃ brāhmaṇiṃ etadavoca — “evamevaṃ panāyaṃ vasalī yasmiṃ vā tasmiṃ vā tassa muṇḍakassa samaṇassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. idāni tyāhaṃ, vasali, tassa satthuno vādaṃ āropessāmī”ti. |
4) Ðược nghe nói vậy, Bà-la-môn thuộc dòng họ Bhāradvāja nói với nữ Bà-la-môn Dhanañjanī: -- Như vậy, trong mọi thời, mọi dịp, kẻ hạ tiện này nói lời tán thán vị Sa-môn trọc đầu ấy. Này kẻ Hạ tiện kia, ta sẽ luận phá bậc Ðạo Sư của Ngươi. |
4. When this was said, the brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan said to her: –“For the slightest thing this wretched woman <345> spouts out praise of that shaveling ascetic! Now, wretched woman, I am going to refute the doctrine of that teacher of yours.ʺ (430) |
| “na khvāhaṃ taṃ, brāhmaṇa, passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya, yo tassa bhagavato vādaṃ āropeyya arahato sammāsambuddhassa. api ca tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, gaccha, gantvā vijānissasī”ti {gantvāpi jānissasīti (syā. kaṃ.)}. | 5) -- Thưa Bà-la-môn, tôi không thấy trong thế giới chư Thiên, Ma giới hay Phạm thiên giới, trong chúng Sa-môn hay Bà-la-môn, giữa chư Thiên hay loài Người, không một ai có thể luận phá Thế Tôn, bậc A-la-hán, Chánh Ðẳng Chánh Giác. Vậy này Bà-la-môn, Ông hãy đi. Sau khi đi, Ông sẽ biết. | 5. “I do not see anyone, brahmin, in this world with its devas, Māra, and Brahmā, in this generation with its ascetics and brahmins, its devas and humans, who could refute the doctrine of the Blessed One, the Arahant, the Perfectly Enlightened One. But go, brahmin. When you have gone, you will understand.” |
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♦ atha kho bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo kupito anattamano yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. ekamantaṃ nisinno kho bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi — ♦ “kiṃsu chetvā sukhaṃ seti, kiṃsu chetvā na socati. ♦ kissassu ekadhammassa, vadhaṃ rocesi gotamā”ti. |
6) Rồi Bà-la-môn thuộc dòng họ Bhāradvāja phẫn nộ, không hoan hỷ, đi đến Thế Tôn; sau khi đến, nói lên với Thế Tôn những lời chào đón hỏi thăm, sau khi nói lên những lời chào đón hỏi thăm thân hữu, liền ngồi xuống một bên. 7) Ngồi xuống một bên, Bà-la-môn thuộc dòng họ Bhāradvāja nói lên bài kệ (1) với Thế Tôn: Sát vật gì, được lạc? |
6-7. Then the brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan, angry and displeased, approached the Blessed One and exchanged greetings with him. When they had concluded their greetings and cordial talk, he sat down to one side [161] and addressed the Blessed One in verse: (431) 613) “Having slain what does one sleep soundly? Having slain what does one not sorrow? <346> What is the one thing, O Gotama, Whose killing you approve?” |
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♦ “kodhaṃ chetvā sukhaṃ seti, kodhaṃ chetvā na socati. ♦ kodhassa visamūlassa, madhuraggassa brāhmaṇa. ♦ vadhaṃ ariyā pasaṃsanti, tañhi chetvā na socatī”ti. |
8) (Thế Tôn): Sát phẫn nộ, được lạc |
8) [The Blessed One:] 614) “Having slain anger, one sleeps soundly; Having slain anger, one does not sorrow; The killing of anger, O brahmin, With its poisoned root and honeyed tip: This is the killing the noble ones praise, For having slain that, one does not sorrow.” |
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♦ evaṃ vutte, bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca — “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama! seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya — cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti; evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. labheyyāhaṃ bhoto gotamassa santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampadan”ti. ♦ alattha kho bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, alattha upasampadaṃ. |
9) Ðược nghe nói vậy, Bà-la-môn thuộc dòng họ Bhāradvāja bạch Thế Tôn: -- Thật vi diệu thay, Tôn giả Gotama! Thật vi diệu thay, Tôn giả Gotama! Tôn giả Gotama, như người dựng đứng lại những gì bị quăng ngã xuống, phơi bày ra những gì bị che kín, chỉ đường cho kẻ lạc hướng, hay đem đèn sáng vào trong bóng tối để những ai có mắt có thể thấy sắc. Cũng vậy, Chánh pháp đã được Tôn giả Gotama dùng nhiều phương tiện trình bày, giải thích. Vậy nay con xin quy y Thế Tôn Gotama, quy y Pháp và quy y Tỷ-kheo Tăng. Mong Tôn giả Gotama cho con được xuất gia trước mặt Thế Tôn, cho con được thọ đại giới! 10) Và Bà-la-môn thuộc dòng họ Bhāradvāja được xuất gia trước mặt Thế Tôn, được thọ đại giới. |
9-10. When this was said, the brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan said to the Blessed One: — “Magnificent, Master Gotama! Magnificent, Master Gotama! The Dhamma has been made clear in many ways by Master Gotama, as though he were turning upright what had been turned upside down, revealing what was hidden, showing the way to one who was lost, or holding up a lamp in the dark for those with eyesight to see forms. I go for refuge to Master Gotama, and to the Dhamma, and to the Bhikkhu Saṅgha. May I receive the going forth under Master Gotama, may I receive the higher ordination?” Then the brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan received the going forth under the Blessed One, he received the higher ordination. |
| acirūpasampanno kho panāyasmā bhāradvājo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva — yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti tadanuttaraṃ — brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. “khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā”ti abbhaññāsi. aññataro ca panāyasmā bhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosīti. |
11) Thọ đại giới không bao lâu, Tôn giả Bhāradvāja sống một mình, viễn ly, không phóng dật, nhiệt tâm, tinh cần, không bao lâu chứng được mục đích mà các thiện nam tử chơn chánh xuất gia, từ bỏ gia đình, sống không gia đình: Ðó là vô thượng cứu cánh Phạm hạnh, ngay trong hiện tại, tự mình với thắng trí chứng ngộ, chứng đạt và an trú. Vị ấy biết: "Sanh đã tận, Phạm hạnh đã thành, việc nên làm đã làm, không còn trở lại trạng thái này nữa". 12) Và Bhāradvāja trở thành một vị A-la-hán nữa. |
11-12. And soon, not long after his higher ordination, dwelling alone, withdrawn, diligent, ardent, and resolute, the Venerable Bhāradvāja, by realizing it for himself with direct knowledge, in this very life entered and dwelt in that unsurpassed goal of the holy life for the sake of which clansmen rightly go forth from the household life into homelessness. <347> He directly knew: “Destroyed is birth, the holy life has been lived, what had to be done has been done, there is no more for this state of being.” (432) And the Venerable Bhāradvāja became one of the arahants. |
♦ 2. Akkosasuttaṃ (SN 7.2) – II. Phỉ Báng (S. i, 161) – 2. (2) Abuse
| ♦ 188. ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. assosi kho akkosakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo — “bhāradvājagotto kira brāhmaṇo samaṇassa gotamassa santike agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito”ti |
1) Một thời Thế Tôn trú ở Rājagaha (Vương Xá), Veḷuvana (Trúc Lâm), tại chỗ nuôi dưỡng các con sóc. 2) Bà-la-môn Akkosaka Bhāradvāja được nghe Bà-la-môn thuộc dòng họ Bhāradvāja đã xuất gia với Thế Tôn, từ bỏ gia đình, sống không gia đình. |
1-2. On one occasion the Blessed One was dwelling at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the Squirrel Sanctuary. The brahmin Akkosaka Bhāradvāja, Bhāradvāja the Abusive, heard: (433) “It is said that the brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan has gone forth from the household life into homelessness under the ascetic Gotama.” |
| kupito anattamano yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ asabbhāhi pharusāhi vācāhi akkosati paribhāsati. | 3) Ông phẫn nộ, không hoan hỷ, đi đến Thế Tôn; sau khi đến, nói những lời nói không tốt đẹp, ác ngữ, phỉ báng và nhiếc mắng Thế Tôn. | 3. Angry and displeased, he approached the Blessed One and [162] abused and reviled him with rude, harsh words. |
| ♦ evaṃ vutte, bhagavā akkosakabhāradvājaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca — “taṃ kiṃ maññasi, brāhmaṇa, api nu kho te āgacchanti mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā atithiyo {atithayo (?)} ”ti? “appekadā me, bho gotama, āgacchanti mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā atithiyo”ti. |
4) Ðược nghe nói vậy, Thế Tôn nói với Bà-la-môn Akkosaka Bhāradvāja: -- Này Bà-la-môn, Ông nghĩ thế nào? Các thân hữu bà con huyết thống, các khách có đến viếng thăm Ông không? 5) -- Thưa Tôn giả Gotama, thỉnh thoảng, các thân hữu, bà con huyết thống, các khách có đến viếng thăm tôi. |
4-5. When he had finished speaking, the Blessed One said to him: — “What do you think, brahmin? Do your friends and colleagues, kinsmen and relatives, as well as guests come to visit you?” “Sometimes they come to visit, Master Gotama.” |
| “‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi, brāhmaṇa, api nu tesaṃ anuppadesi khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā sāyanīyaṃ vā’”ti? “‘appekadā nesāhaṃ, bho gotama, anuppademi khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā sāyanīyaṃ vā’”ti. “‘sace kho pana te, brāhmaṇa, nappaṭiggaṇhanti, kassa taṃ hotī’”ti? “‘sace te, bho gotama, nappaṭiggaṇhanti, amhākameva taṃ hotī’”ti. |
6) -- Này Bà-la-môn, Ông nghĩ thế nào? Ông có sửa soạn cho họ các món ăn loại cứng, loại mềm và các loại đồ nếm không? 7) -- Thưa Tôn giả Gotama, thỉnh thoảng tôi sửa soạn cho họ các món ăn loại cứng, loại mềm, các loại đồ nếm. 8) -- Nhưng này Bà-la-môn, nếu họ không thâu nhận, thời các món ăn ấy về ai? 9) -- Thưa Tôn giả Gotama, nếu họ không thâu nhận, thời các món ăn ấy về lại chúng tôi. |
6-7-8-9. “Do you then offer them some food or a meal or a snack?” <348> “Sometimes I do, Master Gotama.” “But if they do not accept it from you, then to whom does the food belong?” “If they do not accept it from me, then the food still belongs to us.” |
| ♦ “yo kho, brāhmaṇa, akkosantaṃ paccakkosati, rosentaṃ paṭiroseti, bhaṇḍantaṃ paṭibhaṇḍati, ayaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇa, sambhuñjati vītiharatīti. te mayaṃ tayā neva sambhuñjāma na vītiharāma. tavevetaṃ, brāhmaṇa, hoti; tavevetaṃ, brāhmaṇa, hotī”ti. | 10) -- Cũng vậy, này Bà-la-môn, nếu Ông phỉ báng chúng tôi là người không phỉ báng; nhiếc mắng chúng tôi là người không nhiếc mắng; gây lộn với chúng tôi là người không gây lộn; chúng tôi không thâu nhận sự việc ấy từ Ông, thời này Bà-la-môn, sự việc ấy về lại Ông. Này Bà-la-môn, sự việc ấy chỉ về lại Ông. Này Bà-la-môn, ai phỉ báng lại khi bị phỉ báng, nhiếc mắng lại khi bị nhiếc mắng, gây lộn lại khi bị gây lộn, thời như vậy, này Bà-la-môn, người ấy được xem là đã hưởng thọ, đã san sẻ với Ông. Còn chúng tôi không cùng hưởng thọ sự việc ấy với Ông, không cùng san sẻ sự việc ấy với Ông, thời này Bà-la-môn, sự việc ấy về lại Ông! Này Bà-la-môn, sự việc ấy về lại Ông! | 10. “So too, brahmin, we—who do not abuse anyone, who do not scold anyone, who do not rail against anyone—refuse to accept from you the abuse and scolding and tirade you let loose at us. It still belongs to you, brahmin! It still belongs to you, brahmin! “Brahmin, one who abuses his own abuser, who scolds the one who scolds him, who rails against the one who rails at him—he is said to partake of the meal, to enter upon an exchange. But we do not partake of your meal; we do not enter upon an exchange. It still belongs to you, brahmin! It still belongs to you, brahmin!” |
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“bhavantaṃ kho gotamaṃ sarājikā parisā evaṃ jānāti — ‘arahaṃ samaṇo gotamo’ti. atha ca pana bhavaṃ gotamo kujjhatī”ti. ♦ “akkodhassa kuto kodho, dantassa samajīvino. ♦ sammadaññā vimuttassa, upasantassa tādino. ♦ “tasseva tena pāpiyo, yo kuddhaṃ paṭikujjhati. ♦ kuddhaṃ appaṭikujjhanto, saṅgāmaṃ jeti dujjayaṃ. ♦ “ubhinnamatthaṃ carati, attano ca parassa ca. ♦ paraṃ saṅkupitaṃ ñatvā, yo sato upasammati. ♦ “ubhinnaṃ tikicchantānaṃ, attano ca parassa ca. ♦ janā maññanti bāloti, ye dhammassa akovidā”ti. |
11) Nhà vua và vương cung, vương thần nghĩ rằng: "Sa-môn Gotama là vị A-la-hán". Tuy vậy Tôn giả Gotama nay đã phẫn nộ. 12) (Thế Tôn): Với vị không phẫn nộ, |
11-12. “The king and his retinue understand the ascetic Gotama to be an arahant, yet Master Gotama still gets angry.” (434) [The Blessed One:] 615) “How can anger arise in one who is angerless, In the tamed one of righteous living, <349> In one liberated by perfect knowledge, In the Stable One who abides in peace? (435) 616) “One who repays an angry man with anger Thereby makes things worse for himself. Not repaying an angry man with anger, One wins a battle hard to win. 617) “He practises for the welfare of both— His own and the other’s— When, knowing that his foe is angry, He mindfully maintains his peace. 618) “When he achieves the cure of both— His own and the other’s— The people who consider him a fool Are unskilled in the Dhamma.” (436) [163] |
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♦ evaṃ vutte, akkosakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca — “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama ... pe ... esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhoto gotamassa santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampadan”ti. ♦ alattha kho akkosakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, alattha upasampadaṃ. acirūpasampanno kho panāyasmā akkosakabhāradvājo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva — yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti tadanuttaraṃ — brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. “khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ nāparaṃ itthattāyā”ti abbhaññāsi. aññataro ca panāyasmā bhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosīti. |
13) Khi được nghe nói vậy, Bà-la-môn Akkosaka Bhāradvāja bạch Thế Tôn: -- Thật là vi diệu thay, Tôn giả Gotama!...,... Con xin quy y Thế Tôn Gotama, quy y Pháp và quy y Tỷ-kheo Tăng. Mong Tôn giả Gotama cho con được xuất gia tu học với Tôn giả Gotama, được thọ đại giới. 14) Bà-la-môn Akkosaka Bhāradvāja được xuất gia với Tôn giả Gotama, được thọ đại giới. 15) Ðược thọ đại giới không bao lâu, Tôn giả Akkosaka Bhāradvāja sống một mình, viễn ly, không phóng dật, nhiệt tâm, tinh cần không bao lâu đạt được mục đích mà các thiện nam tử chơn chánh xuất gia, từ bỏ gia đình, sống không gia đình hướng đến: Ðó là vô thượng cứu cánh Phạm hạnh, ngay trong hiện tại với thắng trí, tự mình giác ngộ, chứng đạt và an trú. Vị ấy biết rõ: "Sanh đã tận, Phạm hạnh đã thành, việc nên làm đã làm, không còn trở lại trạng thái này nữa". 16) Và Tôn giả Akkosaka Bhāradvāja trở thành một vị A-la-hán nữa. |
13-14-15. When this was said, the brahmin Akkosaka Bhāradvāja said to the Blessed One: — “Magnificent, Master Gotama!… I go for refuge to Master Gotama, and to the Dhamma, and to the Bhikkhu Saṅgha. May I receive the going forth under Master Gotama, may I receive the higher ordination?” Then the brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan received the going forth under the Blessed One, he received the higher ordination. And soon, not long after his higher ordination, dwelling alone … <350> ... the Venerable Bhāradvāja became one of the arahants. |
♦ 3. Asurindakasuttaṃ (SN 7.3) – III. Asurindaka (S. i, 163) – 3. (3) Asurindaka
| ♦ 189. ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. assosi kho asurindakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo — “bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo kira samaṇassa gotamassa santike agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito”ti |
1) Một thời Thế Tôn ở Rājagaha (Vương Xá), Veḷuvana (Trúc Lâm), tại chỗ nuôi dưỡng các con sóc. 2) Bà-la-môn Asurindaka Bhāradvāja nghe như sau: " Bà-la-môn thuộc dòng họ Bhāradvāja đã xuất gia với Thế Tôn, từ bỏ gia đình, sống không gia đình". |
1-2. On one occasion the Blessed One was dwelling at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the Squirrel Sanctuary. The brahmin Asurindaka Bhāradvāja heard: (437) “It is said that the brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan has gone forth from the household life into homelessness under the ascetic Gotama.” |
| kupito anattamano yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ asabbhāhi pharusāhi vācāhi akkosati paribhāsati. evaṃ vutte, bhagavā tuṇhī ahosi. atha kho asurindakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca — “jitosi, samaṇa, jitosi, samaṇā”ti. |
3) Phẫn nộ, không hoan hỷ, vị ấy đi đến Thế Tôn, sau khi đến, có những lời không tốt đẹp, ác ngữ, phỉ báng và nhiếc mắng Thế Tôn. 4) Ðược nghe nói vậy, Thế Tôn giữ im lặng. 5) Rồi Bà-la-môn Asurindaka Bhāradvāja nói với Thế Tôn: -- Này Sa-môn, Ông đã bị chinh phục. Này Sa-môn, Ông đã bị chinh phục! |
3-4-5. Angry and displeased, he approached the Blessed One and abused and reviled him with rude, harsh words. When he had finished speaking, the Blessed One remained silent. Then the brahmin Asurindaka Bhāradvāja said to the Blessed One: “You’re beaten, ascetic! You’re beaten, ascetic!” |
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♦ “jayaṃ ve maññati bālo, vācāya pharusaṃ bhaṇaṃ. ♦ jayañcevassa taṃ hoti, yā titikkhā vijānato. ♦ “tasseva tena pāpiyo, yo kuddhaṃ paṭikujjhati. ♦ kuddhaṃ appaṭikujjhanto, saṅgāmaṃ jeti dujjayaṃ. ♦ “ubhinnamatthaṃ carati, attano ca parassa ca. ♦ paraṃ saṅkupitaṃ ñatvā, yo sato upasammati. ♦ “ubhinnaṃ tikicchantānaṃ, attano ca parassa ca. ♦ janā maññanti bāloti, ye dhammassa akovidā”ti. |
6) (Thế Tôn): Kẻ ngu nghĩ mình thắng, |
619) [The Blessed One:] “The fool thinks victory is won When, by speech, he bellows harshly; But for one who understands, Patient endurance is the true victory. (438) 620-22) “One who repays an angry man with anger … (verses = 616-18) … <351> Are unskilled in the Dhamma.” [164] |
| ♦ evaṃ vutte, asurindakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavo |
7) Ðược nghe nói vậy, Bà-la-môn Asurindaka Bhāradvāja bạch Thế Tôn: -- Thật vi diệu thay, Tôn giả Gotama...,"... không còn trở lại đời sống này nữa." 8) Và Tôn giả Bhāradvāja trở thành một vị A-la-hán nữa. |
7-8. When this was said, the brahmin Asurindaka Bhāradvāja said to the Blessed One: “Magnificent, Master Gotama!…” And the Venerable Bhāradvāja became one of the arahants. |
♦ 4. Bilaṅgikasuttaṃ (SN 7.4) – IV. Bilaṅgika (S. i, 164) – 4. (4) Bilaṅgika
| ♦ 190. ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. assosi kho bilaṅgikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo — “bhāradvājagotto kira brāhmaṇo samaṇassa gotamassa santike agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito”ti kupito anattamano yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tuṇhībhūto ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. |
1) Một thời Thế Tôn ở Rājagaha, Veḷuvana, tại chỗ nuôi dưỡng các con sóc. 2) Bà-la-môn Bilaṅgika Bhāradvāja được nghe: "Bà-la-môn thuộc dòng họ Bhāradvāja đã xuất gia với Sa-môn Gotama, từ bỏ gia đình, sống không gia đình". 3) Phẫn nộ, không hoan hỷ, vị ấy đi đến Thế Tôn; sau khi đến, giữ yên lặng, đứng một bên. |
1-2-3) On one occasion the Blessed One was dwelling at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the Squirrel Sanctuary. The brahmin Bilaṅgika Bhāradvāja heard: (439) “It is said that the brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan has gone forth from the household life into homelessness under the ascetic Gotama.” Angry and displeased, he approached the Blessed One and silently stood to one side. (440) <352> |
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atha kho bhagavā bilaṅgikassa bhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya bilaṅgikaṃ bhāradvājaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi — ♦ “yo appaduṭṭhassa narassa dussati, ♦ suddhassa posassa anaṅgaṇassa. ♦ tameva bālaṃ pacceti pāpaṃ, ♦ sukhumo rajo paṭivātaṃva khitto”ti. |
4) Rồi Thế Tôn, với tâm tư của mình, biết được tâm tư của Bà-la-môn Bilaṅgika Bhāradvāja, liền nói lên bài kệ cho Bà-la-môn Bilaṅgika Bhāradvāja: Ai hại người hiền thiện, |
4) Then the Blessed One, having known with his own mind the reflection in the brahmin Bilaṅgika Bhāradvāja’s mind, addressed him in verse: 623) “If one wrongs an innocent man, A pure person without blemish, The evil falls back on the fool himself Like fine dust thrown against the wind.” |
| ♦ evaṃ vutte, vilaṅgikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca — “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama ... pe ... abbhaññāsi. aññataro ca panāyasmā bhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosī”ti. |
5) Ðược nghe nói vậy, Bà-la-môn Bilaṅgika Bhāradvāja bạch Thế Tôn: -- Thật vi diệu thay, Tôn giả Gotama! Thật vi diệu thay, Tôn giả Gotama!... Nay con quy y Tôn giả Gotama, quy y Pháp và Tỷ-kheo Tăng. Mong cho con được xuất gia với Tôn giả Gotama..., Ðó là vô thượng cứu cánh Phạm hạnh, ngay trong hiện tại với thắng trí tự mình chứng ngộ, chứng đạt và an trú. Vị ấy biết rõ: "Sanh đã tận, Phạm hạnh đã thành, việc nên làm đã làm, không còn trở lại trạng thái này nữa". 6) Và Tôn giả Bhāradvāja trở thành một vị A-la-hán nữa. |
5-6) When this was said, the brahmin Bilaṅgika Bhāradvāja said to the Blessed One: — “Magnificent, Master Gotama! …” And the Venerable Bhāradvāja became one of the arahants. |
♦ 5. Ahiṃsakasuttaṃ (SN 7.5) – V. Bất Hại - Ahiṃsaka (S. i, 164) – 5. (5) Ahiṃsaka
| ♦ 191. sāvatthinidānaṃ. atha kho ahiṃsakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. ekamantaṃ nisinno kho ahiṃsakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca — “ahiṃsakāhaṃ, bho gotama, ahiṃsakāhaṃ, bho gotamā”ti. |
1) Nhân duyên tại Sāvatthī. 2) Rồi Bà-la-môn Ahiṃsaka Bhāradvāja đi đến Thế Tôn; sau khi đến, nói lên với Thế Tôn những lời chào đón hỏi thăm; sau khi nói lên những lời chào đón hỏi thăm thân hữu, liền ngồi xuống một bên. 3) Ngồi xuống một bên, Bà-la-môn Ahiṃsaka Bhāradvāja bạch Thế Tôn: -- Con là Ahiṃsaka, thưa Tôn giả Gotama! Con là Ahiṃsaka, thưa Tôn giả Gotama!. |
1-2-3) At Sāvatthī. Then the brahmin Ahiṃsaka Bhāradvāja, Bhāradvāja the Harmless, approached the Blessed One and exchanged greetings with him. (441) When they had concluded their greetings and cordial talk, he sat down to one side [165] and said to the Blessed One: “I am Ahiṃsaka the Harmless, Master Gotama. I am Ahiṃsaka the Harmless, Master Gotama.” |
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♦ “yathā nāmaṃ tathā cassa, siyā kho tvaṃ ahiṃsako. ♦ yo ca kāyena vācāya, manasā ca na hiṃsati. ♦ sa ve ahiṃsako hoti, yo paraṃ na vihiṃsatī”ti. |
4) (Thế Tôn): Danh phải tương xứng người, |
4) [The Blessed One:] <353> 624) “If one were as one’s name implies You would be a harmless one. But it is one who does no harm at all By body, speech, or mind, Who really is a harmless one As he does not harm others.” |
| ♦ evaṃ vutte, ahiṃsakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca — “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama ... pe ... abbhaññāsi. aññataro ca panāyasmā ahiṃsakabhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosī”ti. |
5) Khi được nghe vậy, Bà-la-môn Ahiṃsaka Bhāradvāja bạch Thế Tôn: -- Thật vi diệu thay, Tôn giả Gotama...,"... không còn trở lui đời sống này nữa." 6) Và Tôn giả Bhāradvāja trở thành một vị A-la-hán nữa. |
5-6) When this was said, the brahmin Ahiṃsaka Bhāradvāja said to the Blessed One: –“Magnificent, Master Gotama!…” And the Venerable Ahiṃsaka Bhāradvāja became one of the arahants. |
♦ 6. Jaṭāsuttaṃ (SN 7.6) – VI. Bện Tóc (S. i, 165) – 6. (6) Tangle
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♦ 192. sāvatthinidānaṃ. atha kho jaṭābhāradvājo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. ekamantaṃ nisinno kho jaṭābhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi — ♦ “antojaṭā bahijaṭā, jaṭāya jaṭitā pajā. ♦ taṃ taṃ gotama pucchāmi, ko imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭan”ti. |
1) Nhân duyên ở Sāvatthī. 2) Rồi Bà-la-môn Jaṭābhāradvāja đi đến Thế Tôn; sau khi đến, nói với Thế Tôn những lời chào đón hỏi thăm; sau khi nói lên những lời chào đón hỏi thăm thân hữu, liền ngồi xuống một bên. 3) Ngồi xuống một bên, Bà-la-môn Jaṭābhāradvāja nói lên bài kệ với Thế Tôn: Nội triền và ngoại triền, |
1-2-3) At Sāvatthī. Then the brahmin Jaṭā Bhāradvāja, Bhāradvāja of the Tangle, approached the Blessed One and exchanged greetings with him. When they had concluded their greetings and cordial talk, he sat down to one side and addressed the Blessed One in verse: 625) “A tangle inside, a tangle outside, This generation is entangled in a tangle. I ask you this, O Gotama, Who can disentangle this tangle?” <354> |
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♦ “sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño, cittaṃ paññañca bhāvayaṃ. ♦ ātāpī nipako bhikkhu, so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭaṃ. ♦ “yesaṃ rāgo ca doso ca, avijjā ca virājitā. ♦ khīṇāsavā arahanto, tesaṃ vijaṭitā jaṭā. ♦ “yattha nāmañca rūpañca, asesaṃ uparujjhati. ♦ paṭighaṃ rūpasaññā ca, etthesā chijjate jaṭā”ti. |
4) (Thế Tôn) Người có trí, trú giới, |
4) [The Blessed One:] 626) “A man established on virtue, wise, Developing the mind and wisdom, A bhikkhu ardent and discreet: He can disentangle this tangle. 627) “Those for whom lust and hatred Along with ignorance have been expunged, The arahants with taints destroyed: For them the tangle is disentangled. 628) “Where name-and-form ceases, Stops without remainder, And also impingement and perception of form: It is here this tangle is cut.” |
| ♦ evaṃ vutte, jaṭābhāradvājo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca — “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama ... pe ... aññataro ca panāyasmā bhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosī”ti. |
5) Khi được nghe nói vậy, Bà-la-môn Jaṭābhāradvāja bạch Thế Tôn: -- Thật vi diệu thay, Tôn giả Gotama!... 6) Và Tôn giả Bhāradvāja trở thành một vị A-la-hán nữa. |
5) When this was said, the brahmin Jaṭā Bhāradvāja said to the Blessed One: –“Magnificent, Master Gotama!…” And the Venerable Bhāradvāja became one of the arahants. |
♦ 7. Suddhikasuttaṃ (SN 7.7) – VII. Suddhika (S.i,165) – 7. (7) Suddhika
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♦ 193. sāvatthinidānaṃ. atha kho suddhikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. ekamantaṃ nisinno kho suddhikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ ajjhabhāsi — ♦ “na brāhmaṇo {nābrāhmaṇo (?)} sujjhati koci, loke sīlavāpi tapokaraṃ. ♦ vijjācaraṇasampanno, so sujjhati na aññā itarā pajā”ti. |
1) Tại Sāvatthī, Jetavana. 2) Rồi Bà-la-môn Suddhika Bhāradvāja đi đến Thế Tôn; sau khi đến, nói lên những lời chào đón hỏi thăm; sau khi nói lên những lời chào đón hỏi thăm thân hữu, liền ngồi xuống một bên. 3) Ngồi xuống một bên, Bà-la-môn Suddhika Bhāradvāja nói lên bài lệ này trước mặt Thế Tôn: Không Bà-la-môn nào, |
1-2-3) At Sāvatthī. Then the brahmin Suddhika Bhāradvāja approached the Blessed One <355> and exchanged greetings with him. When they had concluded their greetings and cordial talk, he sat down to one side [166] and recited this verse in the presence of the Blessed One: 629) “In the world no brahmin is ever purified Though he be virtuous and austere in practice; One accomplished in knowledge and conduct is purified, Not the others, the common folk.” (442) |
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♦ “bahumpi palapaṃ jappaṃ, na jaccā hoti brāhmaṇo. ♦ antokasambu saṅkiliṭṭho, kuhanaṃ upanissito. ♦ “khattiyo brāhmaṇo vesso, suddo caṇḍālapukkuso. ♦ āraddhavīriyo pahitatto, niccaṃ daḷhaparakkamo. ♦ pappoti paramaṃ suddhiṃ, evaṃ jānāhi brāhmaṇā”ti. |
4) (Thế Tôn): Dầu lẩm bẩm nhiều chú, |
4) [The Blessed One:] 630) “Even though one mutters many chants, One does not become a brahmin by birth If one is rotten within and defiled, Supporting oneself by fraudulent means. 631) “Whether khattiya, brahmin, vessa, sudda, Caṇḍāla or scavenger, If one is energetic and resolute, Always firm in exertion, One attains the supreme purity: Know, O brahmin, that this is so.” <356> |
| ♦ evaṃ vutte, suddhikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca — “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama ... pe ... aññataro ca panāyasmā bhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosī”ti. |
5) Khi được nghe vậy, Bà-la-môn Suddhika Bhāradvāja bạch Thế Tôn: -- Thật vi diệu thay, Tôn giả Gotama!... 6) Và Tôn giả Bhāradvāja trở thành một vị A-la-hán nữa. |
5-6) When this was said, the brahmin Suddhika Bhāradvāja said to the Blessed One: –“Magnificent, Master Gotama!”… And the Venerable Bhāradvāja became one of the arahants. |
♦ 8. Aggikasuttaṃ (SN 7.8) – VIII. Aggika: Thờ lửa (S. i, 166) – 8. (8) Aggika
| ♦ 194. ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. tena kho pana samayena aggikabhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassa sappinā pāyaso sannihito hoti — “aggiṃ juhissāmi, aggihuttaṃ paricarissāmī”ti. |
1) Một thời Thế Tôn ở Rājagaha, Veḷuvana, tại chỗ nuôi dưỡng các con sóc. 2) Lúc bấy giờ, một món ăn gồm gạo và sữa đông được sửa soạn cho Bà-la-môn Aggika Bhāradvāja để vị này sắp đặt: "Tôi sẽ tế lửa, tôi sẽ làm lễ cúng dường lửa". |
1-2) On one occasion the Blessed One was dwelling at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the Squirrel Sanctuary. Now on that occasion milk-rice with ghee had been set out for the brahmin Aggika Bhāradvāja, who had thought: “I will offer a fire sacrifice, I will perform the fire oblation.” (443) |
| ♦ atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. rājagahe sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caramāno yena aggikabhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. | 3) Rồi Thế Tôn vào buổi sáng đắp y, cầm y bát đi vào Rājagaha để khất thực. Trong khi đi khất thực thứ lớp ở Rājagaha, Thế Tôn đi đến trú xứ của Bà-la-môn Aggika Bhāradvāja; sau khi đến, Thế Tôn đứng một bên. | 3) Then, in the morning, the Blessed One dressed and, taking bowl and robe, entered Rājagaha for alms. Walking for alms on uninterrupted alms round in Rājagaha, the Blessed One approached the residence of the brahmin Aggika Bhāradvāja and stood to one side. |
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addasā kho aggikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ piṇḍāya ṭhitaṃ. disvāna bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi — ♦ “tīhi vijjāhi sampanno, jātimā sutavā bahū. ♦ vijjācaraṇasampanno, somaṃ bhuñjeyya pāyasan”ti. |
4) Bà-la-môn Aggika Bhāradvāja thấy Thế Tôn đi khất thực đến, thấy vậy liền nói lên bài kệ với Thế Tôn: Vị đầy đủ ba minh, |
4) The brahmin Aggika Bhāradvāja saw the Blessed One standing for alms and addressed him in verse: <357> 632) “One endowed with the triple knowledge, Of proper birth, of ample learning, Accomplished in knowledge and conduct, Might partake of this milk-rice meal.” (444) |
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♦ “bahumpi palapaṃ jappaṃ, na jaccā hoti brāhmaṇo. ♦ antokasambu saṃkiliṭṭho, kuhanāparivārito. ♦ “pubbenivāsaṃ yo vedī, saggāpāyañca passati. ♦ atho jātikkhayaṃ patto, abhiññāvosito muni. ♦ “etāhi tīhi vijjāhi, tevijjo hoti brāhmaṇo. ♦ vijjācaraṇasampanno, somaṃ bhuñjeyya pāyasan”ti. |
5) (Thế Tôn): Dầu lẩm bẩm nhiều chú, |
5) [The Blessed One:] 633) “Even though one mutters many chants, One does not become a brahmin by birth If one is rotten within and defiled, With followers gained by fraudulent means. [167] 634) “One who has known his past abodes, Who sees heaven and the plane of woe, Who has reached the destruction of birth, A sage consummate in direct knowledge: (445) 635) “By means of these three kinds of knowledge One is a triple-knowledge brahmin. This one accomplished in knowledge and conduct Might partake of this milk-rice meal.” <358> |
| ♦ “bhuñjatu bhavaṃ gotamo. brāhmaṇo bhavan”ti. | 6) - Mong Tôn giả thọ lãnh món ăn này. Tôn giả Gotama thật là bậc Bà-la-môn. |
6) [The brahmin Aggika Bhāradvāja:] “Let Master Gotama eat. The worthy is a brahmin.” |
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♦ “gāthābhigītaṃ me abhojaneyyaṃ, ♦ sampassataṃ brāhmaṇa nesa dhammo. ♦ gāthābhigītaṃ panudanti buddhā, ♦ dhamme sati brāhmaṇa vuttiresā. ♦ “aññena ca kevalinaṃ mahesiṃ, ♦ khīṇāsavaṃ kukkuccavūpasantaṃ. ♦ annena pānena upaṭṭhahassu, ♦ khettañhi taṃ puññapekkhassa hotī”ti. |
7) (Thế Tôn): Ta không có hưởng thọ, (3) |
7) [The Blessed One:] 636) “Food over which verses have been sung Is not fit to be eaten by me. This, brahmin, is not the principle Observed by those who see. The Enlightened Ones reject such food Over which verses have been sung. As such a principle exists, O brahmin, This is their rule of conduct. 637) “Serve with other food and drink The consummate one, the great seer With taints destroyed and remorse stilled, For he is the field for one seeking merit.” (446) |
| ♦ evaṃ vutte, aggikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca — “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama ... pe ... aññataro ca panāyasmā aggikabhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosī”ti. |
8) Ðược nghe như vậy, Bà-la-môn Aggika Bhāradvāja bạch Thế Tôn: -- Thật vi diệu thay Tôn giả Gotama!... 9) Và Tôn giả Bhāradvāja trở thành một vị A-la-hán nữa. |
8-9) When this was said, the brahmin Aggika Bhāradvāja said to the Blessed One: –“Magnificent, Master Gotama!”… And the Venerable Aggika Bhāradvāja became one of the arahants. |
♦ 9. Sundarikasuttaṃ (SN 7.9) – IX. Sundarika (S. i, 167) – 9. (9) Sundarika
| ♦ 195. ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu viharati sundarikāya nadiyā tīre. tena kho pana samayena sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo sundarikāya nadiyā tīre aggiṃ juhati, aggihuttaṃ paricarati. atha kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo aggiṃ juhitvā aggihuttaṃ paricaritvā uṭṭhāyāsanā samantā catuddisā anuvilokesi — “ko nu kho imaṃ habyasesaṃ bhuñjeyyā”ti? |
1) Một thời Thế Tôn ở giữa dân tộc Kosala, trên bờ sông Sundarika. 2) Lúc bấy giờ Bà-la-môn Sundarika Bhāradvāja tế lửa trên bờ sông Sundarika, làm lễ cúng dường lửa. 3) Rồi Bà-la-môn Sundarika Bhāradvāja sau khi tế lửa, làm lễ cúng dường lửa xong, từ chỗ ngồi đứng dậy, nhìn xung quanh tất cả bốn phương và nghĩ: "Ai có thể hưởng họ món ăn cúng tế còn lại này?" |
1-2-3) On one occasion the Blessed One was dwelling among the Kosalans on the bank of the river Sundarika. Now on that occasion <359> the brahmin Sundarika Bhāradvāja was offering a fire sacrifice and performing the fire oblation on the bank of the river Sundarika. Then the brahmin Sundarika Bhāradvāja, having offered the fire sacrifice and performed the fire oblation, rose from his seat and surveyed the four quarters all around, wondering: “Who now might eat this sacrificial cake?” (447) |
| addasā kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle sasīsaṃ pārutaṃ nisinnaṃ. disvāna vāmena hatthena habyasesaṃ gahetvā dakkhiṇena hatthena kamaṇḍaluṃ gahetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. atha kho bhagavā sundarikabhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassa padasaddena sīsaṃ vivari. |
4) Bà-la-môn Sundarika Bhāradvāja thấy Thế Tôn đang ngồi dưới gốc cây, đầu được bao trùm, thấy vậy, tay trái cầm món ăn cúng tế còn lại, tay phải cầm bình nước (4) đi đến Thế Tôn. 5) Và Thế Tôn nghe tiếng chân của Bà-la-môn Sundarika Bhāradvāja liền tháo đồ trùm ở đầu. |
4-5) The brahmin Sundarika Bhāradvāja saw the Blessed One sitting at the foot of a tree with his head covered. Having seen him, he took the sacrificial cake in his left hand and the waterpot in his right hand and approached the Blessed One. When the Blessed One heard the sound of the brahmin’s footsteps, he uncovered his head. |
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atha kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo ‘muṇḍo ayaṃ bhavaṃ, muṇḍako ayaṃ bhavan’ti tatova puna nivattitukāmo ahosi. atha kho sundarikabhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi — ‘muṇḍāpi hi idhekacce brāhmaṇā bhavanti; yaṃnūnāhaṃ taṃ upasaṅkamitvā jātiṃ puccheyyan’ti. ♦ atha kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca — ‘kiṃjacco bhavan’ti? |
6) Và Bà-la-môn Sundarika Bhāradvāja nghĩ: "Ðầu vị này trọc, vị này là người trọc đầu", nghĩ vậy, muốn trở lui. 7) Rồi Bà-la-môn Sundarika Bhāradvāja lại suy nghĩ: "Trọc đầu ở đây, một số Bà-la-môn cũng như vậy. Vậy ta hãy đến và hỏi vấn đề thọ sanh". 8) Rồi Bà-la-môn Sundarika Bhāradvāja đi đến Thế Tôn; sau khi đến, nói với Thế Tôn: -- Thọ sanh Tôn giả là gì? |
6-7-8) Then the brahmin Sundarika Bhāradvāja, thinking, “This worthy is shaven-headed, [168] this worthy is a shaveling,” wanted to turn back; <360> but it occurred to him: “Some brahmins here are also shaven-headed. Let me approach him and inquire about his birth.” Then the brahmin Sundarika Bhāradvāja approached the Blessed One and said to him: –“What is the worthy one’s birth?” |
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♦ “mā jātiṃ puccha caraṇañca puccha, ♦ kaṭṭhā have jāyati jātavedo. ♦ nīcākulīnopi muni dhitimā, ♦ ājānīyo hoti hirīnisedho. ♦ “saccena danto damasā upeto, ♦ vedantagū vusitabrahmacariyo. ♦ yaññopanīto tamupavhayetha, ♦ kālena so juhati dakkhiṇeyye”ti. |
9) (Thế Tôn): Chớ hỏi về thọ sanh, |
9) [The Blessed One:] 638) “Ask not of birth but ask of conduct: Fire is indeed produced from any wood. A resolute sage, though from low family, Is a thoroughbred restrained by a sense of shame. (448) 639) “The sacrificer should invoke this one: One tamed by truth, perfect by taming, Who has reached the end of knowledge, A fulfiller of the holy life. Then he makes a timely oblation To one worthy of offerings.” (449) <361> |
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♦ “addhā suyiṭṭhaṃ suhutaṃ mama yidaṃ, ♦ yaṃ tādisaṃ vedagumaddasāmi. ♦ tumhādisānañhi adassanena, ♦ añño jano bhuñjati habyasesan”ti. ♦ “bhuñjatu bhavaṃ gotamo. brāhmaṇo bhavan”ti. |
10) Sundarika: Vật cúng này của con, |
10) [The brahmin Sundarika Bhāradvāja:] 640) “Surely my sacrifice is well performed As I have seen such a knowledge-master. Because I had not seen those like yourself Other people ate the sacrificial cake. “Let Master Gotama eat. The worthy is a brahmin.” |
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♦ “gāthābhigītaṃ me abhojaneyyaṃ, ♦ sampassataṃ brāhmaṇa nesa dhammo. ♦ gāthābhigītaṃ panudanti buddhā, ♦ dhamme sati brāhmaṇa vuttiresā. ♦ “aññena ca kevalinaṃ mahesiṃ, ♦ khīṇāsavaṃ kukkuccavūpasantaṃ. ♦ annena pānena upaṭṭhahassu, ♦ khettañhi taṃ puññapekkhassa hotī”ti. |
11) (Thế Tôn): Ta không có hưởng thọ, |
11) [The Blessed One:] 641-42) “Food over which verses have been sung … (verses = 636-37) … For he is the field for one seeking merit.” <362> |
| ♦ “atha kassa cāhaṃ, bho gotama, imaṃ habyasesaṃ dammī”ti? | 12) -- Vậy thưa Tôn giả Gotama, con phải cho ai vật cúng còn lại này? | 12)– “Then, Master Gotama, should I give this sacrificial cake to someone else?” |
| “na khvāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya yasseso habyaseso bhutto sammā pariṇāmaṃ gaccheyya aññatra, brāhmaṇa, tathāgatassa vā tathāgatasāvakassa vā. tena hi tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, taṃ habyasesaṃ appaharite vā chaḍḍehi appāṇake vā udake opilāpehī”ti. | 13) -- Này Bà-la-môn, trong toàn thế giới chư Thiên, Ma giới, Phạm thiên giới, trong chúng Sa-môn và Bà-la-môn, trong thế giới chư Thiên và loài Người, Ta không thấy một ai ăn vật cúng còn lại này có thể tiêu hóa được, ngoại trừ Như Lai hay đệ tử Như Lai. Này Bà-la-môn, vậy này Bà-la-môn, hãy quăng vật cúng còn lại này tại chỗ không có cỏ xanh, hay nhận chìm (8) xuống nước, nơi không có loài hữu tình. | 13) “I do not see anyone, brahmin, in this world with its devas, Māra, and Brahmā, in this generation with its ascetics and brahmins, its devas and humans, who could eat and properly digest this sacrificial cake [169] except the Tathāgata or a disciple of the Tathāgata. (450) Therefore, brahmin, throw away the sacrificial cake in a place where there is sparse vegetation or dispose of it in water where there are no living beings.” |
| ♦ atha kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo taṃ habyasesaṃ appāṇake udake opilāpesi. | 14) Rồi Bà-la-môn Sundarika Bhāradvāja nhận chìm vật cúng còn lại ấy vào trong nước, nơi không có loài hữu tình. | 14) Then the brahmin Sundarika Bhāradvāja disposed of that sacrificial cake in water where there were no living beings. |
| atha kho so habyaseso udake pakkhitto cicciṭāyati ciṭiciṭāyati sandhūpāyati sampadhūpāyati. seyyathāpi nāma phālo {loho (ka.)} divasaṃsantatto {divasasantatto (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)} udake pakkhitto cicciṭāyati ciṭiciṭāyati sandhūpāyati sampadhūpāyati; evameva so habyaseso udake pakkhitto cicciṭāyati ciṭiciṭāyati sandhūpāyati sampadhūpāyati. | 15) Vật cúng ấy khi được quăng vào trong nước liền xì lên, sôi lên, phun hơi và phun khói lên. Ví như lưỡi cày đốt nóng cả ngày, khi bỏ vào trong nước, bèn xì lên, sôi lên, phun hơi và phun khói lên. Cũng vậy, vật cúng còn lại ấy khi được quăng vào trong nước bèn xì lên, sôi lên, phun hơi và phun khói lên. | 15) When it was disposed of in the water, that sacrificial cake sizzled and hissed and gave off steam and smoke. (451) Just as a ploughshare, heated all day, sizzles and hisses and gives off steam and smoke if placed in water, so too that sacrificial cake, <363> when disposed of in the water, sizzled and hissed and gave off steam and smoke. |
| ♦ atha kho sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo saṃviggo lomahaṭṭhajāto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. | 16) Rồi Bà-la-môn Sundarika Bhāradvāja hoảng hốt, lông tóc dựng ngược, đi đến Thế Tôn; sau khi đến liền đứng một bên. | 16) Then the brahmin Sundarika Bhāradvāja, shocked and terrified, approached the Blessed One and stood to one side. |
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ekamantaṃ ṭhitaṃ kho sundarikabhāradvājaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ bhagavā gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi — ♦ “mā brāhmaṇa dāru samādahāno, ♦ suddhiṃ amaññi bahiddhā hi etaṃ. ♦ na hi tena suddhiṃ kusalā vadanti, ♦ yo bāhirena parisuddhimicche. ♦ “hitvā ahaṃ brāhmaṇa dārudāhaṃ ♦ ajjhattamevujjalayāmi {ajjhattameva jalayāmi (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)} jotiṃ. ♦ niccagginī niccasamāhitatto, ♦ arahaṃ ahaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carāmi. ♦ “māno hi te brāhmaṇa khāribhāro, ♦ kodho dhumo bhasmani mosavajjaṃ. ♦ jivhā sujā hadayaṃ jotiṭhānaṃ, ♦ attā sudanto purisassa joti. ♦ “dhammo rahado brāhmaṇa sīlatittho, ♦ anāvilo sabbhi sataṃ pasattho. ♦ yattha have vedaguno sinātā, ♦ anallagattāva {anallīnagattāva (sī. pī. ka.)} taranti pāraṃ. ♦ “saccaṃ dhammo saṃyamo brahmacariyaṃ, ♦ majjhe sitā brāhmaṇa brahmapatti. ♦ sa tujjubhūtesu namo karohi, ♦ tamahaṃ naraṃ dhammasārīti brūmī”ti. |
17) Thế Tôn nói lên bài kệ cho Bà-la-môn Sundarika Bhāradvāja đang đứng một bên: Này Bà-la-môn kia, |
17) The Blessed One then addressed him with verses: 643) “When kindling wood, brahmin, do notimagine This external deed brings purity; For experts say no purity is gained By one who seeks it outwardly. 644) “Having given up the fire made from wood, I kindle, O brahmin, the inner light alone. Always ablaze, my mind always concentrated, I am an arahant living the holy life. 645) “Conceit, O brahmin, is your shoulder-load, <364> Anger the smoke, false speech the ashes; The tongue is the ladle, the heart the altar, A well-tamed self is the light of a man. (452) 646) “The Dhamma is a lake with fords of virtue— Limpid, praised by the good to the good— Where the knowledge-masters go to bathe, And, dry-limbed, cross to the far shore. (453) 647) “Truth, Dhamma, restraint, the holy life, Attainment of Brahmā based on the middle: [170] Pay homage, O brahmin, to the upright ones; I call that person one impelled by Dhamma.” (454) |
| ♦ evaṃ vutte, sundarikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca — “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama ... pe ... aññataro ca panāyasmā bhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosī”ti. |
18) Khi được nói vậy, Bà-la-môn Sundarika Bhāradvāja bạch Thế Tôn: -- Thật vi diệu thay, Tôn giả Gotama! Thật vi diệu thay, Tôn giả Gotama!... 19) Và Tôn giả Bhāradvāja trở thành một vị A-la-hán nữa. |
18-19) When this was said, the brahmin Sundarika Bhāradvāja said to the Blessed One: –“Magnificent, Master Gotama!”… And the Venerable Sundarika Bhāradvāja became one of the arahants. <365> |
♦ 10. Bahudhītarasuttaṃ (SN 7.10) – X. Bahudhīti (S. i, 170) – 10 (10) Many Daughters
| ♦ 196. ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu viharati aññatarasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe. tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhāradvājagottassa brāhmaṇassa catuddasa balībaddā naṭṭhā honti. atha kho bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo te balībadde gavesanto yena so vanasaṇḍo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā addasa bhagavantaṃ tasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. |
1) Một thời Thế Tôn trú ở giữa dân chúng Kosala, tại một khu rừng. 2) Lúc bấy giờ, một Bà-la-môn thuộc dòng họ Bhāradvāja bị mất mười bốn con bò. 3) Rồi Bà-la-môn thuộc dòng họ Bhāradvāja trong khi đi tìm những con bò đực ấy, đi đến khu rừng kia; sau khi đến, thấy Thế Tôn ngồi kiết-già trong khu rừng ấy, lưng giữ thẳng và để chánh niệm trước mặt. |
1-2-3) On one occasion the Blessed One was dwelling among the Kosalans in a certain woodland thicket. Now on that occasion fourteen oxen belonging to a certain brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan had gotten lost. Then the brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan, while searching for those oxen, went to the woodland thicket where the Blessed One was staying. There he saw the Blessed One sitting with his legs folded crosswise, holding his body erect, having set up mindfulness in front of him. |
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disvāna yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato santike imā gāthāyo abhāsi — ♦ “na hi nūnimassa {nahanūnimassa (sī. syā. kaṃ.)} samaṇassa, balībaddā catuddasa. ♦ ajjasaṭṭhiṃ na dissanti, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī. ♦ “na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, tilākhettasmi pāpakā. ♦ ekapaṇṇā dupaṇṇā {dvipaṇṇā (sī. pī.)} ca, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī. ♦ “na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, tucchakoṭṭhasmi mūsikā. ♦ ussoḷhikāya naccanti, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī. ♦ “na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, santhāro sattamāsiko. ♦ uppāṭakehi sañchanno, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī. ♦ “na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, vidhavā satta dhītaro. ♦ ekaputtā duputtā {dviputtā (sī. pī.)} ca, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī. ♦ “na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, piṅgalā tilakāhatā. ♦ sottaṃ pādena bodheti, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī. ♦ “na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, paccūsamhi iṇāyikā. ♦ detha dethāti codenti, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī”ti. |
4) Thấy vậy, Bà-la-môn đi đến Thế Tôn; sau khi đến, nói lên bài kệ này với Thế Tôn: Với vị Sa-môn này, |
4) Having seen him, he approached the Blessed One and recited these verses in the presence of the Blessed One: 648) “Surely this ascetic does not have Fourteen oxen [that have gotten lost], Not seen now for the past six days: Hence this ascetic is happy. (455) 649) “Surely this ascetic does not have A field of blighted sesamum plants, Some with one leaf, some with two: Hence this ascetic is happy. <366> 650) “Surely this ascetic does not have Rats inside an empty barn Dancing around merrily: Hence this ascetic is happy. 651) “Surely this ascetic does not have A blanket that for seven months Has been covered with swarms of vermin: Hence this ascetic is happy. 652) “Surely this ascetic does not have Seven daughters left for widows, Some with one son, some with two: Hence this ascetic is happy. (456) 653) “Surely this ascetic does not have A tawny wife with pockmarked face Who wakes him up with a kick: Hence this ascetic is happy. 654) “Surely this ascetic does not have Creditors who call at dawn, Chiding him, ‘Pay up! Pay up!’: <367> Hence this ascetic is happy.” |
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♦ “na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, balībaddā catuddasa. ♦ ajjasaṭṭhiṃ na dissanti, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī. ♦ “na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, tilākhettasmi pāpakā. ♦ ekapaṇṇā dupaṇṇā ca, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī. ♦ “na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, tucchakoṭṭhasmi mūsikā. ♦ ussoḷhikāya naccanti, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī. ♦ “na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, santhāro sattamāsiko. ♦ uppāṭakehi sañchanno, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī. ♦ “na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, vidhavā satta dhītaro. ♦ ekaputtā duputtā ca, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī. ♦ “na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, piṅgalā tilakāhatā. ♦ sottaṃ pādena bodheti, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī. ♦ “na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, paccūsamhi iṇāyikā. ♦ detha dethāti codenti, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī”ti. |
5) (Thế Tôn): Bà-la-môn, với Ta, |
5) [The Blessed One:] 655) “Surely, brahmin, I do not have Fourteen oxen [that have gotten lost], Not seen now for the past six days: Hence, O brahmin, I am happy. [171] 656) “Surely, brahmin, I do not have A field of blighted sesamum plants, Some with one leaf, some with two: Hence, O brahmin, I am happy. 657) “Surely, brahmin, I do not have Rats inside an empty barn Dancing around merrily: Hence, O brahmin, I am happy. 658) “Surely, brahmin, I do not have A blanket that for seven months Has been covered with swarms of vermin: Hence, O brahmin, I am happy. 659) “Surely, brahmin, I do not have Seven daughters left for widows, Some with one son, some with two: Hence, O brahmin, I am happy. <368> 600) “Surely, brahmin, I do not have A tawny wife with pockmarked face Who wakes me up with a kick: Hence, O brahmin, I am happy. 661) “Surely, brahmin, I do not have Creditors who call at dawn, Chiding me, ‘Pay up! Pay up!’: Hence, O brahmin, I am happy.” |
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♦ evaṃ vutte, bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca — “abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama! seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya — cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti; evameva bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. labheyyāhaṃ bhoto gotamassa santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampadan”ti. ♦ alattha kho bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, alattha upasampadaṃ. acirūpasampanno panāyasmā bhāradvājo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva — yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ — brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. “khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā”ti abbhaññāsi. aññataro ca panāyasmā bhāradvājo arahataṃ ahosīti. ♦ arahantavaggo paṭhamo. ♦ tassuddānaṃ — ♦ dhanañjānī ca akkosaṃ, asurindaṃ bilaṅgikaṃ. ♦ ahiṃsakaṃ jaṭā ceva, suddhikañceva aggikā. ♦ sundarikaṃ bahudhītarena ca te dasāti. |
6) Ðược nghe nói vậy, Bà-la-môn thuộc dòng họ Bhāradvāja bạch Thế Tôn: -- Thật vi diệu thay, Tôn giả Gotama! Thật vi diệu thay, Tôn giả Gotama! Tôn giả Gotama như người dựng đứng lại những gì bị quăng ngã xuống, phơi bày ra những gì bị che kín, chỉ đường cho kẻ lạc hướng, đem đèn sáng vào trong bóng tối để những ai có mắt có thế thấy sắc. Cũng vậy, Chánh pháp đã được Tôn giả Gotama dùng nhiều phương tiện trình bày, giải thích. Vậy nay con xin quy y Thế Tôn Gotama, quy y Pháp và quy y Tỷ-kheo Tăng. Mong cho con được xuất gia với Tôn giả Gotama, cho con được thọ đại giới. 7) Rồi Bà-la-môn Bhāradvāja được xuất gia với Tôn giả Gotama, được thọ đại giới. 8) Thọ đại giới không bao lâu, Tôn giả Bhāradvāja ở một mình, viễn ly, không phóng dật, nhiệt tâm, tinh cần. Và không bao lâu, vị này chứng được mục đích tối cao mà các thiện nam tử đã xuất gia, từ bỏ gia đình sống không gia đình hướng đến: Ðó là vô thượng cứu cánh Phạm hạnh, ngay trong hiện tại tự mình với thượng trí, chứng ngộ, chứng đạt và an trú. Vị ấy biết: "Sanh đã tận, Phạm hạnh đã thành, những gì nên làm đã làm, không có trở lại trạng thái này nữa". 9) Và Tôn giả Bhāradvāja trở thành một vị A-la-hán nữa. |
6-7-8-9) When this was said, the brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan said to the Blessed One: –“Magnificent, Master Gotama!”… And the Venerable Bhāradvāja became one of the arahants. (457) <369> |
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(1) Các bài kệ này được nói đến ở trên, S. I. 41 (kinh 71 ở trước); S. I. 47 (kinh 84 ở trước).
(2) Xem S. I. 53 (kinh 96 ở trước).
(3) Xem S. I. 167 (kinh 195 ở sau).
(4) Kamaṇḍalu: Bình nước có vòi dài của người tu sĩ để uống nước mà không chạm vào môi.
(5) Dhitimā, được giải thích là tinh tấn.
(6) Ājānīya, áp dụng cho voi, bò hay ngựa được huấn luyện thuần thục.
(7) Vedantagū: Người thông thạo các tập Vệ-đà một cách rốt ráo.
(8) Opilāpesi: nhận chìm xuống nước.
(9) Trong trường hợp này, "chân lý" có nghĩa là lời nói chân thật.
(10) Theo Ngài Buddhaghosa, Trung đạo không chỉ có nghĩa là con đường tránh xa dục lạc và khổ hạnh, mà còn chỉ cho con đường tránh xa thường kiến và đoạn kiến. Xem DB. I. 27, 46.
(11) Sáu ngày, xem S. I. 170.
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(428) The story related here is also at Dhp-a IV,161–63; see BL 3:288–89. The opening is similar to that of MN No. 100 (II 209,21 foll.), which concerns a brahmin lady of the same name, there spelt Dhānañjānī.
Spk: The Dhānañjāni clan was reputed to be the highest clan of brahmins. They believed that while other brahmins had been born from Brahmā’s mouth, they themselves had issued from the top of his head. This woman was a noble disciple, a stream-enterer, but her husband was staunchly opposed to the Buddha’s dispensation and would block his ears whenever she spoke in praise of the Triple Gem.
(429) Spk: The brahmin had invited five hundred fellow brahmins to a banquet. The previous day he had pleaded with his wife not to disgrace him by praising the Buddha before his peers. When she stumbled over a stack of firewood while serving food to the brahmins, she knelt down and paid homage to the Buddha. Scandalized by this, the brahmins reviled her husband and walked out without even finishing their meal.
(430) Vasalī, here rendered “wretched woman,” is a term of severe contempt, used by the brahmins to address outcasts.
(431) The verses have already appeared at 1:71 and 2:3, with different narrative settings. This illustrates once again how the “floating mass” of didactic verses could be freely drawn upon to suit different pedagogical requirements.
Spk: He formulated his question with the following intent: “If he says, ‘I approve of the killing of such and such,’ then I’ll call him a killer and challenge his claim to be an ascetic; but if he says he doesn’t approve of any killing, I’ll say, ‘Then you don’t desire the killing of lust, etc., so why do you wander about as an ascetic?’ Thus the ascetic Gotama will be caught on the horns of this dilemma, unable either to swallow it or to cough it up.” He greeted the Buddha cordially in order to hide his anger.
(432) See n. 376.
(433) I give the sobriquet both in Pāli and in English. Spk, which identifies him as the younger brother of the first Bhāradvāja brahmin, says that the epithet was added by the redactors of the canon because he came abusing (akkosanto) the Tathāgata with five hundred verses.
(434) Spk: He had heard that seers (isi) inflict a curse when they become angry, so when the Buddha said, “It still belongs to you, brahmin!” he was frightened, thinking, “The ascetic Gotama, it seems, is putting a curse on me.” Therefore he spoke thus.
(435) I have translated tādī as “the Stable One” in accordance with the commentarial gloss, tādilakkhaṇaṃ pattassa, which alludes to the explanation of tādī at Nidd I 114–16: “The arahant is tādī because he is ‘stable’ (tādī) in the face of gain and loss, etc.; he is tādī because he has given up all defilements, etc.; he is tādī because he has crossed the four floods, etc.; he is tādī because his mind is free from all defilements; and he is tādī as a description of him in terms of his qualities” (condensed). A similar but slightly different definition of tādī in relation to the Buddha occurs at Nidd I 459–61.
(436) Be and Ee1 & 2 read pāda a: ubhinnaṃ tikicchantānaṃ, which Spk (Be) includes in the lemma and glosses ubhinnaṃ tikicchantaṃ, adding: “Or the latter is itself the reading.” In Se and Spk (Se) the readings are exactly the reverse. As the sense requires an accusative singular, the reading ubhinnaṃ tikicchantaṃ taṃ, found at Th 444a, offends against neither grammar nor metre. Ee2 has adopted this reading for the exact parallel v. 882 below, but strangely reverts to ubhinnaṃ tikicchantānaṃ in the third parallel, v. 891.
(437) He was the youngest of the Bhāradvāja brothers.
(438) Spk: “For one who understands the excellence of endurance, this victory—patient endurance—is his alone (yā titikkhā vijānato adhivāsanāya guṇaṃ vijānantassa titikkhā adhivāsanā, ayaṃ tassa vijānato va jayo).” Note that neuter jayaṃ is here nominative.
(439) Spk: He was another of the Bhāradvāja brothers. The name Bilaṅgika was assigned to him by the redactors because he became rich by selling delicious conjee (kañjika, a synonym for bilaṅga).
(440) Spk: He was so angry his three brothers had been ordained as monks that he could not speak.
(441) Spk says that the name Ahiṃsaka may have been assigned to him by the redactors because he “asked a question” (i.e., made an assertion) about harmlessness; or, alternatively, Ahiṃsaka may have been his given name. From his opening statement and the Buddha’s reply the second alternative seems more likely.
(442) Spk-pṭ explains the sıla referred to in pāda b as pañcavidhaniyama, an obvious allusion to the second limb of Patañjali’s Yoga system.
Spk: By knowledge (vijjā) he means the Three Vedas, by conduct (caraṇa) the conduct of one’s clan (gottacaraṇa; Spk-pṭ: the clan itself, called conduct).
As vijjācaraṇasampanna is one of the nine chief epithets of the Buddha and is also used to describe the arahant (see v. 596), the second couplet, if read apart from the commentarial explanation, expresses the Buddhistic rather than the brahmanical point of view. See too the Buddha’s argument with the brahmin youth Ambaṭṭha at DN I 99,19–100,16.
(443) A brahmin of this name is encountered in the Vasala Sutta (Sn I, 7; p. 21), but he seems to be a different person. According to Spk, this brahmin was given the soubriquet “Aggika” because he tended the sacred fire.
(444) Spk: He speaks of one endowed “with the triple knowledge” (tīhi vijjāhi) with reference to the Three Vedas. By “proper birth” (jātimā) he means one of pure birth through seven generations.
(445) The Buddha’s reply refers to the tevijjā of his own system of training: pāda a, to knowledge of the recollection of past abodes; pāda b, to the divine eye, i.e., the knowledge of the passing away and rebirth of beings; and pāda c, to the knowledge of the destruction of the taints.
(446) Spk paraphrases the idea behind vv. 636–37 thus: “Though I stood for such a long time waiting for alms, you would not give me even a spoonful; but now, after I have revealed all the Buddha-qualities to you as though spreading out sesamum seeds on a mat, (you wish to give). This food has been gained, as it were, by chanting a song; therefore, because it has been ‘chanted over with verses’ (gāthābhigīta) it is not fit to be eaten by me. As such a principle exists (dhamme sati), out of regard for the Dhamma, established on the Dhamma, the Buddhas sustain their life. This is their rule of conduct; this is their way of livelihood (esā vutti ayaṃ ājīvo). Such food is to be discarded and only what is righteously gained is to be eaten.”
The Buddha’s practice is discussed at Mil 228–32. CPD (s.v. abhigīta) suggests that the reason the Buddha rejects such food is because it has been “spoken over with mantras”—by the brahmin while chanting the sacrificial hymns—but to me it is doubtful the Buddha would reject food for such a reason. Further, according to MW, gāthā is not used with reference to the verses of the Vedas, and thus here the word more likely refers to the Buddha’s own verses.
Spk does not comment on kevalinaṃ, “the consummate one,” in pāda a, but Pj II 153,9–10 (to Sn 82) says: Kevalinan ti sabbaguṇaparipuṇṇaṃ sabbayogavisaṃyuttaṃ vā; “a consummate one is one complete in all excellent qualities or one detached from all bonds.” Spk II 276,32–277,1 (to SN III 59,34) explains: Kevalino ti sakalino katasabbakiccā; “the consummate ones are entire, they have completed all their tasks.” For a further selection of relevant passages, see GD, p. 161, n. to 82. For reflections on the implications of the term, see Ñāṇananda, SN-Anth 2:100–1.
Spk explains kukkuccavūpasantaṃ thus: hatthakukkuccādīnaṃ vasena vūpasantakukkuccaṃ; “one in whom remorse has been stilled by the stilling of fidgety behaviour with the hands, etc.” Here kukkucca is understood in the literal sense of “bad activity” or “fidgety behaviour” rather than in the extended sense of remorse or worry, one of the five hindrances.
(447) Spk: This was his thought: “The portion of milk-rice placed in the fire has been eaten by Mahābrahmā. If this remainder is given to a brahmin, one born from the mouth of Brahmā, my father and son would be pleased and I will clear the path to the brahmā world.” See Deussen, Sixty Upaniṣads of the Veda, 1:148: “The residue (ucchiṣṭaṃ) of the offering, i.e., what remains in the ladle, in the saucepan, or vessel, is to be eaten only by a brāhmaṇa, not in his own house; no kṣatriya or vaiśya is to eat it.” This explains why the brahmin, just below, is so concerned about the Buddha’s caste.
(448) Fire is indeed produced from any wood (kaṭṭhā have jāyati jātavedo). Spk: This is the purport: “It is not the case that only fire produced from a pure type of wood, such as saltree logs, can perform the work of fire, but not fire produced from the wood of a dog’s trough, etc. Rather, by reason of its flame, etc., fire produced from any kind of wood can do the work of fire. So you should not think that only one born in a brahmin family is worthy of offerings, but not one born in a caṇḍāla family, etc. Whether from a low family or a high family, an arahant sage is a thoroughbred—resolute, restrained by a sense of shame.” See in this connection the arguments at MN II 129–30, 151–53.
(449) Spk explains one who has reached the end of knowledge (vedāntagū) in pāda b thus: “one gone to the end of the four path knowledges, or one gone to the end of defilements by the four path knowledges” (catunnaṃ maggavedā naṃ antaṃ, catūhi vā maggavedehi kilesānaṃ antaṁ gato). Evidently, the Buddha is here deliberately using brahmanical terminology in order to adjust the Dhamma to the mental disposition of the brahmin.
(450) Spk: Why does he say this? It is said that when the brahmin presented the food to the Buddha, the devas from the four world-regions, etc., suffused the food with nutritive essence (ojā) produced by their celestial power. Thus it became extremely subtle. It was too subtle for the coarse digestive systems of ordinary human beings to digest properly; yet, because the food had a base of coarse material food, it was too coarse for the devas to digest. Even dry-insight arahants could not digest it. Only arahants who obtain the eight meditative attainments could digest it by the power of their attainment, while the Blessed One could digest it by his own natural digestive power.
(451) Spk: This did not occur through the power of the food itself but through the Buddha’s power. The Buddha had made such a determination so that the brahmin would be favourably disposed to hear the Dhamma.
(452) Khāribhāra, “shoulder-load,” is a carrying device commonly used in South Asia, consisting of two trays at each end of a pole borne across the shoulder.
Spk: “Conceit, O brahmin, is your shoulder-load: When a shoulder-load is being carried, with each step the weight of the load brings the trays into contact with the ground; similarly, though conceit props one up on account of birth, clan, family, etc., it causes envy to arise and thereby pulls one down to the four realms of misery. Anger the smoke: because the fire of knowledge does not shine when defiled by the smoke of anger. False speech the ashes: because the fire of knowledge does not burn when covered by false speech. The tongue is the ladle: my [the Buddha’s] tongue is a ladle offering the Dhamma sacrifice. The heart the altar: the hearts of beings are the altar, the fireplace, for my offering of the Dhamma sacrifice. The self (attā) is the mind.”
(453) Spk: “Just as, after you have worshipped the fire, you enter the Sundarikā River and wash the ashes, soot, and sweat from your body, so for me the Dhamma of the eightfold path is the lake where I bathe thousands of living beings. The lake is limpid (anāvila) because, unlike your river which becomes muddy when four or five bathe in it at the same time, the lake of the Dhamma remains limpid and clear even when hundreds of thousands enter it to bathe.” On “the bath without water,” see v. 198ef and n. 119.
(454) Spk suggests several alternative schemes by which the three terms in pāda a—sacca, dhamma, and saṃyama—can be correlated with the eightfold path: e.g., sacca = right speech; saṃyama = right action and right livelihood; dhamma = the other five factors. Spk explains brahmacariya as if it were equivalent to the entire eightfold path (maggabrahmacariya), but it seems more likely that here the term was originally intended in the specific sense of celibacy, to be understood as a fourth item alongside the preceding three and not as an umbrella term comprising them.
In pāda b, the attainment of Brahmā (brahmapatti): the attainment of the best (seṭṭhapatti). Based on the middle (majjhesitā): avoiding the extremes of eternalism and annihilationism. [Spk-pṭ: That is, based on the development of the middle way by avoiding all extremes such as sluggishness and restlessness, of which the pair eternalism and annihilationism is merely one instance.]
In pāda c, the upright ones (ujjubhūtesu): the arahants. Spk explains that the sat here represents tva˙, the -t- being a mere conjunct consonant (padasandhi). Though not as common as its use to convey a first person meaning, the third person demonstrative pronoun is occasionally used with a second person sense.
(455) In pāda c, ajjasaṭṭhiṃ na dissanti is glossed by Spk, “they are not seen for six days from today,” indicating that saṭṭhi here is an alternative form of chaṭṭha, sixth. Spk-pṭ: Ajjasaṭṭhiṃ is an accusative used to indicate a continuing passage of time (accantasaṃyoge c’ etaṁ upayogavacanaṃ).
(456) Spk: As long as the brahmin was affluent, even though his daughters were widows, their parents-in-law allowed them to stay in their husbands’ homes. But when he became poor their parents-in-law sent them to their father’s home. Then, when he would take his meals, their children would put their hands in his plate and he would not find sufficient room for his own hand.
(457) Spk appends a story which relates how the Buddha took the brahmin (after his novice ordination) to King Pasenadi. The king repaid his debts, provided for the welfare of his daughters, and placed his wife in the position of his own grandmother, thereby removing the obstacles to his higher ordination as a bhikkhu.
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Nguồn (Source):
- Pāḷi: digitalpalireader.online
- Vietnamese: (HT. Thích Minh Châu dịch): khemarama.net
- English: (Translated by Bhikkhu Bodhi): en.khemarama.net
